温州地区台风和下击暴流风场特征观测研究  

Observational research on wind field characteristics oftyphoon and downburst in Wenzhou area

作　　者：张传雄 叶思成 郑华 黄张琦 郑峰 王艳茹 李正农[7] ZHANG Chuanxiong;YE Sicheng;ZHENG Hua;HUANG Zhangqi;ZHENG Feng;WANG Yanru;LI Zhengnong(Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lifeline Protection Emergency Technology for Resilient City,Wenzhou University of Technology,Wenzhou 325035,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,China;Wenzhou University of Technology,Wenzhou 325035,China;Graduate School of Physics,University of South Florida,Tampa 32611,USA;Wenzhou Meteorological Bureau,Wenzhou 325000,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Taizhou University,Taizhou 318000,China;Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Conservation,Ministry of Education,Hunan University,Changsha 410012,China)

机构地区：[1]温州理工学院韧性城市生命线工程智慧防护应急技术重点实验室,浙江温州325035 [2]温州大学建筑工程学院,浙江温州325035 [3]温州理工学院,浙江温州325035 [4]南佛罗里达大学物理系研究生院,南佛罗里达坦帕32611 [5]温州市气象局,浙江温州325000 [6]台州学院建筑工程学院,浙江台州318000 [7]湖南大学建筑安全与节能教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2023年第6期113-122,共10页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51678455,51508419);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY19E080022)。

摘　　要：利用风廓线声雷达在温州大罗山西北部的茶山地区从2019年4月到2021年9月对台风“利奇马”、“米娜”、“黑格比”以及2个下击暴流风场进行实测,获得了台风、下击暴流影响时的边界层风速剖面演变过程。比较各风场边界层规律:台风风场边界层最高,下击暴流次之,常态风场边界层最低。在台风中心30~129 km范围内,边界层高度沿气旋半径向外呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势。验证了二阶高斯拟合模型对于台风风场风剖面形态的适用性,实测台风近地50~400 m高度层均表现为D形风剖面,根据不同的参数取值,可以很好地拟合台风上部的S形风剖面。总结下击暴流风场演变过程的3个阶段:高层大风,影响时低层强风切变,影响后回归高层大风。验证了三阶高斯拟合实测模型与Oseguera与Bowles模型、Vicro模型、Wood与Kwok模型对于描述下击暴流风剖面形态的差异性。发现了滨海丘陵地形下实测的下击暴流风速均在100~400 m高度层先递减后递增。分析了台风风场与下击暴流的水平垂直方向风速相关性的差异,即台风风场与下击暴流分别在90~200 m、50~400 m高度层水平与垂直方向风速为正相关,均在近地层突变为负相关,比值分别大于0.5和5。The wind profile acoustic radar was used to measure the periphery wind field of typhoon Lekima,Mina,Hagupit and two downbursts in Chashan,the northwest of Daluo Mountain,Wenzhou.The measurement lasted from April 2019 to September 2021,during which we obtained the evolution of wind speed profiles on the boundary layer from typhoon and downburst influence.Comparing the boundary layer law of each wind field,the typhoon wind field boundary layer is the highest,followed by downburst,and the normal wind field boundary layer is the lowest.The boundary layer height increases,decreases and increases again with the increase of the distance from the typhoon center in the range of 30 km to 129 km.We verified the applicability of the second-order Gaussian fitting model to typhoon wind profile,and found the measured wind profile of typhoon wind field at 50~400 m height near the surface is“D”shape.The second-order Gaussian model can match the“D”shape of the typhoon boundary layer and the“S”shape profile of the upper typhoon cloud column depending on the parameter.The evolution of wind speed profiles of the downburst can be summarized into three periods:strong wind period in high level,strong wind shear period under influence,restoring to strong wind period after influence.We also verified the difference between the third-order Gaussian fitting model,Oseguera&Bowles model,Vicroy model and Wood&Kwok model in describing the downburst wind profile.It is found that the wind speed of downburst measured in coastal hilly terrain decreases and increases at 100~400 m altitude.Finally,we analyzed the correlation difference between typhoon and downburst horizontal vertical wind speed,that is,the typhoon,and the downburst are positive correlated to the horizontal vertical wind speed respectively in 90~200 m,and 50~400 m,and will suddenly change to negative correlation near the surface layer,with ratios greater than 0.5 and 5,respectively.

关 键 词：原型实测 声雷达 下击暴流 风剖面 垂直方向风特性 

分 类 号：TU973.3[建筑科学—结构工程]