中华湖蛭的鉴定及药物浸浴杀灭效果研究  

Study on the Identification of Limnotrachelobdella sinensis and the Germicidal Efficacy of Drug Immersion Bath

作　　者：胡金春 叶嘉政 任思齐 郑善坚[1] HU Jin-chun;YE Jia-zheng;REN Si-qi(Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province/Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321004;Aquatic Technology Promotion Station in Quzhou City,Quzhou,Zhejiang 324000)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学/浙江省野生动物生物技术与保护利用重点实验室,浙江金华321004 [2]浙江省衢州市水产技术推广中心,浙江衢州324000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第24期82-85,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2019C02049,2020C02014)。

摘　　要：首次报道了一种寄生于天然水体鲢、鳙鱼鳃部的中华湖蛭(Limnotrachelobdella sinensis)。2019—2022年,每年10月份后在部分水库鲢、鳙鱼鳃上发现少量幼虫感染,翌年4—6月为感染高峰,7月份后自行脱落消失。它吸食鱼鳃上的血液,严重影响鱼体生长及市场销售价格,给渔业生产带来巨大的经济损失。经形态学与分子生物学鉴定其为中华湖蛭。利用几种常用药物(敌百虫、川楝子、生石灰、硫酸铜)对中华湖蛭进行离体和在体(寄生在鲢鱼鳃上)的浸浴杀灭效果试验。离体试验结果表明,生石灰200 mg/L、川楝子400.00 mg/L、敌百虫4.00 mg/L浸浴1 h可以全部杀灭中华湖蛭;在体试验表明,400.00 mg/L川楝子、2.00 mg/L敌百虫、100.00 mg/L生石灰浸浴1 h后捞出至清水中暂养24 h观察,虫体全部死亡脱落而鲢鱼安全。Limnotrachelobdella sinensis,a freshwater leech parasitic on the gills of Aristichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in natural water body,was reported for the first time.During 2019-2022,a small number of larvae were found to be infected on the gills of A.nobilis and H.molitrix in some reservoirs after October each year.The infection peaked from April to June in the following year,and then disappeared after July.It absorbed the blood on the fish gills,which seriously affected the fish growth and market sales price,and brought huge economic losses to the fishery production.It was identified by morphology and molecule methods as L.inensis.The killing effect of several commonly-used drugs(trichlorfon,toosendan,quicklime and cupric sulfate)on L.sinensis was tested by dipping bath in vitro and in vivo(parasitized on the gills of H.molitrix).The in vitro test showed that soaking with 200.00 mg/L quicklime,400.00 mg/L toosendan and 4.00 mg/L trichlorfon for 1 hour could kill all L.inensis,while in vivo test showed that 400.00 mg/L toosendan,2.00 mg/L trichlorfon and 100.00 mg/L quicklime were soaked for 1 hour and then temporarily cultured in clean water,and all the parasites were killed for 24 hours and H.molitrix was safe.

关 键 词：中华湖蛭 浸浴 杀灭效果 离体试验 在体试验 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]