秸秆全量还田增施氮肥对旱改水田水稻生长的影响  

Effects of Total Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Rice Growth in Dry Land to Paddy Field

作　　者：刘海东 陈庆政 黎淳锋 黎华 叶万余 吴春玲[1,2] LIU Hai-dong;CHEN Qing-zheng;LI Chun-feng(Hezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hezhou,Guangxi 542800;Hezhou Branch of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hezhou,Guangxi 542813)

机构地区：[1]贺州市农业科学院,广西贺州542800 [2]广西农业科学院贺州分院,广西贺州542813

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第24期162-165,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贺州市农业科学院基层农业技术推广服务能力提升专项;贺州市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(贺科技2021046);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD22080066)。

摘　　要：探究秸秆全量还田增施氮肥对旱改水田水稻生长的影响,旨在找到合理的氮肥施用量,为旱改水田水稻高产优质栽培技术提供理论支持。试验前茬水稻秸秆机械粉碎全量还田后减量施用缓释复合肥600 kg/hm^(2)(常规用量750 kg/hm^(2))和增施不等量尿素,设置4个尿素增施梯度分别为75、150、225、300 kg/hm^(2),以不增施尿素为对照,肥料和秸秆同时翻入土中,后期无追肥,采用随机区组设计。结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加,水稻生育期株高和叶面积也增加,叶片过氧化物酶活性先增加后下降,叶片丙二醛含量先下降后上升。增施氮肥能够提高水稻单位面积有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、水稻籽粒蛋白质含量,垩白度降低。以增施225 kg/hm^(2)尿素最佳,有利于水稻生长和产量、品质的提高。The experiment was conducted to explore the effect of total straw returning and increasing nitrogen fertilizer application on rice growth in dryland to paddy fields,in order to find a reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer application to provide theoretical support for high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of rice in dryland to paddy fields.In the experiment,the mechanical crushing of the fore crop of rice straw was returned to the field and reduce the application of compound slow release fertilizer 600 kg/hm^(2)(conventional dosage 750 kg/hm^(2))and increase the application of unequal amount of urea.Four urea application gradients were set up to 75,150,225,300 kg/hm^(2) respectively and no urea was used as a control.The fertilizer and straw were turned into the soil at the same time and there was no top dressing in the later stage.The randomized block design was used.With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application,plant height and leaf area index were also increased,peroxidase activity in leaves increased first and then decreased and malondialdehyde content in leaves decreased first and then increased during rice growth period.Increasing nitrogen fertilizer could increase effective panicles per unit area,grains per panicle,ripening percentage,rice grain protein and reduce chalkiness.The results showed that 225 kg/hm^(2) urea was the best,which was beneficial to the growth,yield and quality of rice.

关 键 词：秸秆 氮肥 酶活性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]