设施葡萄茎干液流变化特征及其影响因素研究  

Study on the Change Characteristics of Stem Fluid Flow and Its Influencing Factors of Facilities Grape

作　　者：汤英 徐利岗 唐瑞 TANG Ying;XU Li-gang;TANG Rui(Scientific Research Institute of the Water Conservancy of Ningxia,Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏水利科学研究院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第24期202-208,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03481);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02012,2020BFH02014)。

摘　　要：以宁夏干旱区设施鲜食葡萄为研究对象,利用插针式茎干液流量计和设施环境监测仪获取葡萄全生育期茎干液流和试验区空气温湿度、光照强度及土壤温湿度等实时数据,开展不同地径和不同时间尺度葡萄茎干液流的变化特征以及环境因子对茎干液流的影响研究。结果表明:不同地径设施葡萄各物候期的茎干液流日变化过程相似,液流速率随着地径的增加而增大;晴天葡萄茎干液流06:00左右启动,液流速率16:00达到最大(0.660 kg/h);阴天次之(0.409 kg/h),雨天峰值最小(0.272 kg/h)。夏季茎干液流速率高于秋季,11:00达到峰值(0.493 kg/h),秋季最高值出现在16:00(0.354 kg/h);冬季最大值0.061 kg/h,分别为夏季和秋季最大值的12.37%和17.23%。7月份茎干液流量最大(260.34 kg/h),平均茎干液流速率0.360 kg/h;6月次之,累计液流量227.93 kg,11月最小(43.12 kg);全生育期累计液流量1347.83 kg,日均液流量1.94~8.38 kg/d,平均日液流量5.94 kg/d。成熟期日液流量最大(8.38 kg/d),其次为变色期(7.65 kg/d),萌芽期最小(1.94 kg/d)。茎干液流速率与空气温度、光照强度和土壤温度均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与空气湿度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。模拟的茎干液流速率系列综合误差为3.57%,日茎干液流量系列综合误差为4.24%。Taking fresh facility grape in the arid area of Ningxia as the research object,needle stem flow meter and facility environment monitor were used to obtain the stem fluid flow of grape in the whole growth period and the air temperature and humidity,light intensity and soil temperature and humidity and other real-time data in the experimental area.The change characteristics of the stem fluid flow of grape with different ground diameter in different time scale and the the effects of environmental factors on the stem fluid flow were studied.The results showed that the daily change process of stem fluid flow of facility grape with different ground diameter was similar,and the fluid flow rate increased with the increase of ground diameter.The stem fluid flow of grape in sunny days started at about 06:00,the fluid flow rate reached the maximum value(0.660 kg/h)at 16:00.In the cloudy days,the maximum value was 0.409 kg/h,the peak value in rainy days was the minimum(0.272 kg/h).The liquid flow rate in summer was higher than that in autumn,reaching the peak value(0.493 kg/h)at 11:00.The highest value in autumn appeared at 16:00,being 0.354 kg/h.The highest value in winter was 0.061 kg/h,which was 12.37%and 17.23%of the maximum value in summer and autumn.The stem fluid flow in July was the maximum(260.34 kg/h),average daily fluid flow rate was 0.36 kg/h,followed by that in June,the cumulative fluid flow was 227.93 kg and the cumulative fluid flow was the minimum 43.12 kg in November.The cumulative fluid flow in the whole growth period was 1347.82 kg,the daily fluid flow was 1.94-8.38 kg/d,the average daily fluid flow was 5.94 kg/d.The daily fluid flow in mature stage was the maximum(8.38 kg/d),followed by that in the discoloration stage(7.65 kg/d),and that in germination stage was the minimum(1.94 kg/d).The stem flow rate was significantly positively correlated with air temperature,light intensity and soil temperature(P<0.01),and it had a significant negative correlation with the air humidity(P<0.01).The comprehensive error

关 键 词：设施葡萄 茎干液流 蒸腾耗水 气象因子 宁夏干旱区 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]