五城市居室积尘中金属/类金属污染物的时空特征研究  

Spatial and temporal characteristics of metal/metalloid pollutants in household dust in five cities,China

作　　者：曹赟 刘萌萌 张晓彤 张文颖 蒋林霖 王超[1] 李旭 杜航 樊琳 王先良[1] CAO Yun;LIU Meng-meng;ZHANG Xiao-tong;ZHANG Wen-ying;JIANG Lin-lin;WANG Chao;LI Xu;DU Hang;FAN Lin;WANG Xian-liang(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室、中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2023年第11期818-829,共12页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21976169);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3702801)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国城市家庭居室积尘中金属/类金属的污染特征,为居室积尘金属/类金属污染的防控提供科学依据。方法针对我国居民日常生活情景,2018年在我国五城市152户居民家中采集居室积尘样品(暖季和冷季各1次);采用ICP-MS法对居室积尘中19种金属/类金属进行测定;不同类型城市、不同风向区、不同季节间比较采用秩和检验。结果本研究共纳入185份居室积尘样品,19种金属/类金属的含量范围为0.01μg/g(汞)~17105.42μg/g(钛)。其中钛、钡、锰含量最高,M分别为3351.62、610.66、566.50μg/g。镉、铜、硼、钡、镍和砷含量M分别为我国土壤背景值的3.04、1.42、1.37、1.35、1.28和1.26倍。冷季兰州居室积尘样品中的铬、砷和锑,绵阳的钡、钒、铬、钴、钼和铊,石家庄的钒和汞含量高于暖季(Z为-2.979~-2.042,P<0.05);下风向区洛阳居室积尘样品中的钴和钼,绵阳的钡、钒、铬、钴和钼,深圳的钒、铬、镍和铅,石家庄的硒高于上风向区(Z为-3.071~-1.985,P<0.05)。不同等级城市金属/类金属含量有差异,一线城市中,锌、镍和镉含量较高,分别为94.46μg/g(Z=7.468,P=0.024)、53.04μg/g(Z=14.373,P=0.001)和0.47μg/g(Z=15.654,P<0.001);二线城市中,铜和钒含量较高,分别为46.80μg/g和84.32μg/g(Z分别为67.062和59.764,P<0.001);汞、锑、铍、钴、铬、锰和钡在三线城市含量较高。结论五城市居室积尘样品中19种金属/类金属均有检出,镉、铜、硼、钡、镍和砷超出土壤背景值倍数较高,金属/类金属含量总体趋势为冷季高于暖季,下风向区高于上风向区。三线城市居室积尘中,汞、锑、铍、钴、铬、锰和钡的含量较高,二线城市铜、钒含量较高,一线城市镉、镍和锌含量较高。Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of metals/metalloids in household dust in the cities,China,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of metal/metalloid pollution in household dust.Methods According to the daily life scenarios of Chinese residents,samples of household dust were collected from 152 households in five cities in China in 2018(once in warm season and once in cold season),and the content of 19 kinds of metals/metalloids in the samples were measured by ICP-MS.Rank-sum test was performed for comparison between different types of cities,different wind direction areas and different seasons.Results A total of 185 household dust samples were measured,and the content of 19 metals/metalloids in the samples ranged from 0.01μg/g(mercury)to 17105.42μg/g(titanium).The content of titanium,barium,and manganese were the highest,with median concentration of 3351.62,610.66,and 566.50μg/g,respectively.The median concentration of cadmium,copper,boron,barium,nickel,and arsenic was 3.04,1.42,1.37,1.35,1.28,and 1.26 times of the soil background values in China,respectively.The contents of chromium,arsenic and antimony in the household dust of Lanzhou,barium,vanadium,chromium,cobalt,molybdenum and thallium of Mianyang,and vanadium and mercury of Shijiazhuang were higher in the cold season than those in the warm season(Z ranged from-2.979 to-2.042,P<0.05).The cobalt and molybdenum in the household dust of Luoyang,the barium,vanadium,chromium,cobalt and molybdenum in Mianyang,the vanadium,chromium,nickel and lead in Shenzhen,and the selenium in Shijiazhuang were higher in the downwind area than those in the upwind area(Z ranged from-3.071 to-1.985,P<0.05).The first-tier cities had a significantly higher contents of zinc of 94.46μg/g(Z=7.468,P=0.024),nickel of 53.04μg/g(Z=14.373,P=0.001),and cadmium of 0.47μg/g(Z=15.654,P<0.001),and the second-tier cities had a significantly higher contents of copper(46.80μg/g)and vanadium(84.32μg/g)(Z were 67.062 and 59.764,respectively,P<0.

关 键 词：金属 类金属 居室 积尘 污染水平 时空特征 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]