不同有机溶剂提取翠冠梨果皮蜡质效果比较研究  

Comparison of cuticular wax extraction from pear fruit by different or-ganic solvents

作　　者：吴潇 胡杨 蒙小玉 崔艳波 郎肖璇 齐开杰[1,2,3] 张岩 张绍铃[1,2,3] 殷豪[1,2,3] WU Xiao;HU Yang;MENG Xiaoyu;CUI Yanbo;LANG Xiaoxuan;QI Kaijie;ZHANG Yan;ZHANG Shaoing;YIN Hao(Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China;Suining Pear Industry Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University,Xuzhou 221299,Jiangsu,China;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiang-su,China;Nanjing Ningcui Biological Seed Industry Co.,Ltd,Nanjing 211121,Jiangsu,China;Suining Fruit Mulberry Technical Guid-ance Station of Agricultural Extension Center,Xuzhou 221000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学三亚研究院,海南三亚572024 [2]南京农业大学睢宁梨产业研究院,江苏徐州221299 [3]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095 [4]南京宁翠生物种业有限公司,南京211121 [5]徐州市睢宁县农技推广中心果桑技术指导站,江苏徐州221000

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第12期2562-2573,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：南京市农业科技产学研合作专项(2022RHCXY江宁05);三亚崖州湾科技城科技专项资助(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-60);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(KYQN2023031);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20221011);国家自然科学基金青年项目(32202411);中国博士后科学基金第4批特别资助(站前)(2022TQ0160);“卓博计划”项目资助(2022ZB338)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过对不同有机溶剂提取梨果皮蜡质的安全性和有效性进行比较和鉴定,以筛选出低毒、高效的果皮蜡质提取溶剂,替代传统毒性较高的提取溶剂——三氯甲烷,为梨果皮蜡质相关研究工作奠定基础。【方法】以翠冠梨成熟果实为试材,用三氯甲烷(对照)和7种毒性相对较低的有机溶剂(碳酸二甲酯、乙醚、乙酸丁酯、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、正己烷)分别提取果皮蜡质,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行蜡质组分检测,比较不同有机溶剂的毒性与蜡质提取效果。【结果】通过比较分析发现,甲醇和乙醚的蜡质提取效果整体较差;乙酸丁酯提取效果好于三氯甲烷,且毒性为三氯甲烷的1/14,但其挥发性差;正己烷虽然毒性最低,对烷烃提取效果较好,但其对萜类物质的提取效果较差,且属易燃易爆危化品。因此,这4种有机溶剂均不宜作为改良溶剂。丙酮提取萜类化合物含量为三氯甲烷的3倍,因此可以用作果皮萜类化合物提取的改良溶剂;乙酸乙酯的半数致死量(median lethal dose,LD_(50))为5620 mg·kg^(-1),毒性为三氯甲烷的1/6,且蜡质提取效果优于三氯甲烷,可作为替代溶剂;而碳酸二甲酯的LD_(50)为13000 mg·kg^(-1),毒性仅为三氯甲烷的1/14,提取效果与三氯甲烷相当,可作为替代溶剂。【结论】丙酮是提取萜类的优势型溶剂,可作为改良溶剂。乙酸乙酯蜡质提取效果优于三氯甲烷和碳酸二甲酯,且毒性较低,可作为蜡质提取最优溶剂。筛选出来的溶剂将有助于植物表皮蜡质提取及相关组分研究工作。【Objective】Establishing a comprehensive extraction protocol is the foundation for studying plant cuticular wax.Currently,organic reagents widely used in the study of extraction of plant cuticular wax,such as chloroform,dichloromethane,etc.,are mostly highly toxic and pose certain risks to the physical and mental health of experimental personnel.Therefore,the safety and effectiveness of differ-ent organic solvents for extracting pear peel cuticular wax were compared and identified in this study,in order to screen out low-toxic and efficient extraction solvents for pear peel cuticular wax,and replace the chloroform of traditional extraction solvent with higher toxicity,laying a foundation for pear peel cu-ticular wax related research work.【Methods】The fruit of Cuiguan pear at 90 days after flowering was used as test material,and the cuticular wax of peel was extracted using chloroform as control group and seven other organic solvents with relatively low toxicity,including dimethyl carbonate,ether,butyl ace-tate,acetone,ethyl acetate,methanol,and n-hexane.The components of cuticular wax extracted by these different solvents were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the ex-traction effect of cuticular wax were also compared from different perspectives such as the number of extracted cuticular wax compounds,content of total cuticular wax,and content of specific compounds.【Results】The number of cuticular wax compounds extracted from pear peel using two solvents,metha-nol and ether,is the least,with only 28 and 24,respectively,which have a generally low affection of cu-ticular wax extraction.Thirty-eight compounds of cuticular wax were extracted using butyl acetate,slightly lower than the number of compounds of cuticular wax extracted using chloroform,and the dis-tribution of the extracted compounds of cuticular wax is similar to that of chloroform.Therefore,the ex-traction effect of butyl acetate was similar to that of chloroform.In addition,the volatility of butyl ace-tate was much l

关 键 词：梨 蜡质 有机溶剂 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]