山西省果树土壤线虫的群落结构及多样性研究  

Research on the community structure and diversity of soil nematodes in the orchards of Shanxi province

作　　者：黄芳[1] 徐玉梅[2] 王健[1] 刘晓琴 HUANG Fang;XU Yumei;WANG Jian;LIU Xiaoqin(School of Medicine,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,Shanxi,China;College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural Uni-versity,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学医学院,山西大同037009 [2]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第12期2591-2597,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801958);山西大同大学科研基金(2020K6)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确山西省果树根际土壤线虫群落结构及其物种多样性。【方法】以山西省晋中市太谷区不同管理模式的3个代表性果园为研究对象,采用浅盘分离法对土壤线虫进行分离鉴定及营养类群分析,系统研究了杏树、葡萄树、枣树、苹果树、梨树、桃树和核桃树等7种果树根际土壤线虫多度和优势度、营养类群,并分析线虫在果树根际土壤中的垂直分布。【结果】在果园0~60 cm土层范围内都发现有土壤线虫,其中多集中于20~30 cm土层中。共鉴定出土壤线虫2纲4目15科26个属,包括捕食/杂食线虫2属,食真菌线虫3属,食细菌线虫6属,植物寄生线虫15属,其中食细菌线虫中的杆属(Mesorhabditis)以及植物寄生线虫中的丝尾垫刃属(Filenchus)为优势属。以果树根际土壤线虫群落作为研究对象,主要研究其营养类群,结果表明,食细菌线虫为第一大营养类群,植物寄生线虫为第二大类群,食真菌线虫为第三大类群,杂食-捕食性线虫为第四大类群。【结论】土壤线虫主要集中于果树根际20~30 cm土层中,果树根际土壤中共鉴定到2纲4目15科26个属线虫,优势营养类群为食细菌线虫。研究结果对山西果树土壤环境监测和提高果园管理具有重要意义。【Objective】It is crucial to study the community structure and diversity of nematodes in the rhizosphere of orchards for preventing soil degradation.This research aims to investigate the communi-ty structure and species diversity of nematodes in the rhizospheric soil of fruit trees in the orchards of Shanxi province.The study was conducted at three different locations,including seven species of fruit crops and six rhizosphere depths.【Methods】The test samples for this study were selected from the or-chard of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Polomogy Istitute,Shanxi Agricultural University and Hancun village orchards.Nematodes were collected from the rhizosphere of seven different fruit crops,namely apricot(Armeniaca vulgaris),grape(Vitis vinifera),jujube(Ziziphus jujuba),apple(Ma-lus pumila),pear(Pyrus sp.),peach(Prunus perisica)and walnut(Juglans regia).Soil samples were collected using the five-point sampling method with a cylinder driller.The rhizosphere of the fruit trees was sampled at a depth of 5-30 cm.For each tree,100 g of soil was taken in four directions.These soil samples were mixed,and 500 g of soil was selected as the final sample.The sampling site,data,and host plant were marked.The specimens were then brought back to the lab for further treatment.In each sample plot,three samples were taken,resulting in a total of 189 soil samples collected in three replicates.The Shanxi Fruit Research Institute conducted vertical distribution plots of soil nematodes in the rhizosphere of fruit trees.The soil depth was divided into six levels:0-10 cm,>10-20 cm,>20-30 cm,>30-40 cm,>40-50 cm and>50-60 cm.The five-point sampling method was used to select soil samples from the same layer and fruit tree.A sample of 500 g of mixed soil was taken and three samples were collected from each sample plot.In total,126 soil samples were collected in three repli-cates,resulting in a total of 315 soil samples for the experiment.The collected samples were promptly stored in a 4℃refrigerator upon arrival at the labo

关 键 词：果园 土壤线虫 多样性 优势度 营养类群 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]