基于木质素高值化利用的分子结构调控策略研究进展  

Advances in Molecular Structure Regulation Strategies Basedon High-Value Utilization of Lignin

作　　者：葛程程 焦欢 郭新宇 金永灿[1] 姜波 Chengcheng Ge;Huan Jiao;Xinyu Guo;Yongcan Jin;Bo Jiang(Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]植物纤维功能材料国家林业和草原局重点实验室,福建福州350108

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2023年第10期162-172,共11页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32201500);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20220431);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究基金(21KJB220001);中国博士后科学基金(2023M731708);国家林业和草原局植物纤维功能材料重点实验室开放基金(2022KFJJ05)。

摘　　要：木质素的分子结构调控是拓宽木质素利用途径的重要手段。文中基于木质素分子结构特性,重点阐述了近年来木质素的分子结构调控策略,主要包括木质素的纳米化、新增活性位点、酚羟基的功能化、接枝共聚、催化解聚和炭化/石墨化。分别讨论了木质素的分子结构与其纳米形态、纳米尺寸的关系及影响因素;木质素羟烷基化、脱甲基化、磺化、胺化、硝化等改性过程中新活性位点的形成路径;木质素酚羟基的酯化、醚化、烷基化、酚化等反应在木质素功能化过程中所起的作用;木质素接枝长链聚合物的反应机理及木质素大分子的催化解聚反应历程,木质素炭化/石墨化的主要途径。最后,针对木质素分子结构调控的研究现状,总结了木质素分子结构调控亟需突破的瓶颈,并展望了木质素分子结构调控的发展方向,以期实现木质素在农林、食品、生物医药等领域的高值化利用。The structural modification of lignin is an important way to broaden the utilization of lignin.In this work,strategies on structure modification of lignin based on its structural properties were reviewed,mainly including nanocrystallization,increase of new active sites,functionalization of phenolic hydroxyl,graft copolymerization,catalytic depolymerization,and carbonization/graphitization.The relationship between the molecular structure of lignin and its nano-morphology,nano-size and its influencing factors,the formation routes of the new active sites during modifications of hydroxyalkylation,demethylation,sulfonation,amination,and nitration,the effect of structural change of lignin phenolic hydroxyl during esterification,etherification,alkylation,phenolation on its functionalization,the reaction mechanism of graft copolymerization,the reaction process of lignin during catalytic depolymerization,and the main methods of lignin graphitization were discussed respectively.Challenges and prospects of lignin modification were also highlighted,which aimed at promoting the high-valued utilization of lignin in the fields of agriculture,forestry,food,biomedicine,and advanced materials,etc.

关 键 词：木质素 纳米化 活性位点 酚羟基 接枝共聚 催化解聚 炭化/石墨化 

分 类 号：O636.2[理学—高分子化学]