微孔草孢囊线虫孵化和侵染特性  

The characteristics of hatching and infection of Heterodera microulae

作　　者：魏雪娟 李文豪 刘永刚 倪春辉 乔万强 安丽婷 李惠霞 WEI Xuejuan;LI Wenhao;LIU Yonggang;NI Chunhui;QIAO Wanqiang;AN Liting;LI Huixia(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第12期3041-3047,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760507);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1604NKCA053)。

摘　　要：为明确微孔草孢囊线虫(Heterodera microulae)的生物学特性,根据单因子变量试验测定温度,根际土壤浸液,5倍、10倍和20倍微孔草根汁,及4 mmol·L^(-1) ZnCl_(2)溶液等孵化液对该线虫卵孵化的影响,同时测定温度对初孵2龄幼虫(J2)活性和2龄幼虫离体存活能力的影响,并以卵接种微孔草幼苗测定其侵染过程。结果表明,微孔草孢囊线虫孵化的适宜温度为15℃。土壤浸液、20倍和10倍微孔草根汁对该线虫的孵化具有显著的促进作用,其孵化率分别为对照的2.96倍、2.11倍和1.61倍,4 mmol·L^(-1) ZnCl_(2)溶液促进效果不显著,而5倍微孔草根汁对其孵化有显著的抑制作用。在10~15℃下,J2的存活率在67.22%~76.25%;4℃适合J2保存,而15℃有利于线虫保持活性。调查和观测发现,在15℃下接种卵3 d后,在微孔草根系检测到J2,接种24 d后在根系检测到白雌虫,27 d后白雌虫褐化为淡褐色孢囊。综上所述,低温条件(15℃)下,土壤浸液最有利于微孔草孢囊线虫的孵化。该线虫在15℃下完成一代需27 d。本结果明确了微孔草孢囊线虫的生物学特性,为该线虫的防治提供了参考依据。To clarify the biological characteristics of Heterodera microulae,the effects of temperature and incubation solutions on egg hatching of H.microulae were examined by immersion of Microula sikkimensis into soils five times,10 times,and 20 times with root juice and 4 mmol·L^(-1)ZnCl_(2) solution.The effects of temperature on the activity of second-stage juvenile(J2)and the viability of J2 were determined in vitro using the one-way variable principle.The infection process of this cyst-forming nematode was examined by inoculating seedlings of M.sikkimensis with eggs.The results showed that 15℃was the optimal temperature for H.microulae hatching.The immersion of M.sikkimensis into soils 20 times and 10 times with root juice significantly increased the hatching rates of this nematode,with hatching rates 2.96 times,2.11 times,and 1.61 times that of the control,respectively.Additionally,4 mmol·L^(-1) zinc chloride solution had no significant promotion effect.Moreover,immersion five times in root juice inhibited hatching significantly.At 10~15℃,the survival rate of J2 was as high as 67.22%~76.25%.The survival rate at 4℃was better for J2 preservation,while 15℃was suitable for retaining activity.J2 was discovered in the root system of H.microulae three days after egg inoculation at 15℃.White females were present 24 d later.The white females turned into light brown cysts 27 d later,according to the results of investigations and observations.Overall,the results showed that M.sikkimensis soil immersion at 15℃was more conducive to hatching of H.microulae and it took 27 d for the completion of one generation of reproduction at 15℃.These findings have elucidated the biological properties of H.microulae and serve as a foundation for future studies on its control.

关 键 词：微孔草孢囊线虫 孵化 温度 孵化液 侵染过程 存活能力 生活史 

分 类 号：S435.65[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]