禾豆牧草种子萌发对温度和光照的响应  

Responses of Gramineae and legume germination to temperature and light

作　　者：赵丹丹 马红媛[2] 亓雯雯[2] 李绍阳 李景玉 赖宪明[3] 夏江宝 曹琪琪[1] 贺文君 ZHAO Dandan;MA Hongyuan;QI Wenwen;LI Shaoyang;LI Jingyu;LAI Xianming;XIA Jiangbao;CAO Qiqi;HE Wenjun(Binzhou University,Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta,Binzhou 256603,Shandong,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,China;Baicheng Institute of Animal Husbandry,Baicheng 137000,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州学院,山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [3]白城市畜牧科学研究院,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第12期3062-3072,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA28110300);国家自然科学基金项目(42201066、41977424、41771058);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20220101280JC、20200201026JC);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QD106);滨州学院博士科研启动经费(2020Y35)。

摘　　要：禾本科和豆科等草本植物是草地生态系统生产者的主体,种子萌发和幼苗生长是植物生活史的主要部分,探讨禾豆植物种子萌发对温度和光照等环境因子的响应特征是建植以禾豆植物为主的栽培草地及退化草地补播混播修复的重要基础。本研究选取了冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、巴哈雀稗(Paspalum notatum)、紫花苜蓿‘公农1号’(Medicago sativa‘Gongnong No.1’)、紫花苜蓿‘阿尔冈金’(Medicago sativa‘Algonquin’)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)和毛苕子(Vicia villosa)6种禾本科和豆科植物的种子,研究了恒温(30、25、20、15和10℃)、变温(15℃/6℃、25℃/15℃、20℃/30℃、20℃/10℃和30℃/15℃)和光照(光暗交替,全黑暗)条件下的种子萌发特性。结果表明,种子的发芽率、萌发开始时间和发芽指数在物种间存在显著差异,禾本科植物在5种恒温下发芽率不高(<55.00%),豆科植物在恒温下发芽率较高(>56.00%);禾本科牧草种子萌发开始时间较晚(>6 d),豆科牧草种子萌发开始时间均早于禾本科,为1~2 d;禾本科植物发芽指数低于豆科植物,其中,紫花苜蓿‘公农1号’种子发芽指数最高,种子活力最强;全黑暗下冰草种子发芽率高于光暗交替条件,全黑暗抑制了紫花苜蓿‘公农1号’、紫花苜蓿‘阿尔冈金’和沙打旺种子的萌发。毛苕子种子在恒温和变温条件下发芽率为84.00%~99.00%,种子萌发温度范围较宽。本研究通过对不同温度和光照条件下典型禾豆牧草种子萌发特性进行研究,为禾豆混播栽培草地建植及退化草地补播修复提供借鉴。Grasses and legumes are the main producers in grassland ecosystems,and seed germination and seedling growth are major aspects of plant life history.Therefore,exploring the response characteristics of seed germination of gramineous plants to environmental factors such as temperature and light is an important basis for the establishment of artificial grassland and degraded grassland dominated by gramineous plants.Two graminaceous forages(Agropyron cristatum and Paspalum notatum)and four leguminous forages(Medicago sativa‘Gongnong No.1’,M.sativa‘Algonquin’,Astragalus adsurgens and Vicia villosa)were selected to compare seed germination characteristics at five constant thermal treatments(30,25,20,15,and 10℃)and five alternative temperatures(15℃/6℃,25℃/15℃,20℃/30℃,20℃/10℃,and 30℃/15℃).This was accompanied by two light regimes,12 h light/12 h dark and 24 h dark.The results revealed significant differences among species.Germination percentage,days to first germination,and germination index varied substantially among species.Under constant temperatures,the germination percentage of gramineous forages was relatively low(<55.00%)and the germination percentage of leguminous forages was higher(>56.00%).The seed germination of gramineous forages started later(>6 d),and the seed germination of leguminous forages started earlier than that of gramineous forages by 1~2 d.The germination index of gramineous forages was lower than that of legumes,among which M.sativa‘Gongnong No.1’had the highest germination index and the strongest seed vitality.The germination percentage of A.cristatum in total darkness was higher than that in light-dark alternating conditions.Total darkness inhibited the germination of M.sativa‘Gongnong No.1’,M.sativa‘Algonquin’,and A.adsurgens.The range of germination for V.villosa under constant and variable temperature conditions was 84.00%~99.00%,with a wide range of seed germination temperatures.This study,which examines the seed germination characteristics of typica

关 键 词：禾豆混播 环境因素 发芽率 平均萌发时间 发芽指数 草地修复 栽培草地 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]