基于功能主义的生态环境损害救济程序整合研究  

Research on the Integration of Ecological and Environmental Damage Relief Procedures Based on Functionalism

作　　者：刘天鸽 王世进[1] LIU Tiange;WANG Shijin(Research Center of Environmental and Resource Law,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学环境资源法研究中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期32-40,共9页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：江西省研究生创新专项资金项目“功能主义视角下生态环境损害救济程序整合研究”(YC2022-S689);江西省青年马克思主义理论研究创新工程项目“生态环境风险预防性救济体系的构建”(23ZXQM59)。

摘　　要：我国存在多项生态环境损害救济制度,但救济的覆盖范围既有重合又有缺失,实践中的程序混乱仍未解决。归类并梳理当前的救济程序,在私法救济中,损害赔偿诉讼和环境公益诉讼高度相似,而两诉在诉前磋商、审理顺位和适用范围上仍有不足,致使诉讼程序混乱;在公法救济中,政府机关在调查环节与救济方式上的选择缺乏规范性,行政权与司法权分配不明。公法程序与私法程序衔接不畅,救济程序整体协调性不足,有待完善体系化构建。从功能主义视角分析,主体职能错位、协调机制缺失与制度功能偏离,是导致救济程序混乱的直接原因。追溯生态环境损害救济的功能演进,制度功能实现的实践误区是程序混乱的本质。应当明确行政机关的主导地位,调整制度功能偏离,完善协调机制,构建以行政救济为主导、其他主体加强监督的救济整合程序。There are many relief systems for ecological environmental damage in China,but the coverage of relief is both overlapping and insufficient,and the confusion of procedures in practice is still unsolved.By classifying and sorting out the current relief procedures,it is found that in private law relief,damage compensation litigation and environmental public interest litigation have a high degree of similarity,but the two lawsuits still have deficiencies in pre-litigation consultation,trial sequence and application scope,resulting in confusion of litigation procedures,while in public law relief,the selection of investigation links and relief methods by government agencies is of relatively lower standardization,and the distribution of administrative power and judicial power is unclear.Public law procedure and private law procedure are not smoothly connected,and the relief procedure is not coordinated enough,so it needs to be constructed systemically.From the perspective of functionalism,the dislocation of main function,the lack of coordination mechanism and the deviation of system function are the direct causes of the confusion of relief procedures.Tracing the function evolution of ecological environmental damage relief,the practice error of system function realization is the essence of procedural confusion.We should clarify the leading position of administrative organs,adjust the deviation of system function,improve the coordination mechanism,and thus build a relief integration procedure with administrative relief as the leading and other subjects strengthening supervision.

关 键 词：环境公益诉讼 生态环境损害赔偿诉讼 体系化 功能主义 程序整合 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] X321[政治法律—法学] D925[环境科学与工程—环境工程]