沼液还田对青储玉米田土壤和微生物菌群的影响  

Effect of Breeding Farm Biogas Slurry Application on Soil Mechanical Composition and Microflora In Green Corn Fields

作　　者：杜建涛 李靖 韩非 田禹 王兵 DU Jian-tao;LI Jing;HAN Fei;TIAN Yu;WANG Bing(Beijing Techmate Co.,LTD.,Beijing 100160;Techmate Biotech(Kazuo)Co.,Ltd.Kazuo,Liaoning 122306)

机构地区：[1]北京泰克美高新技术有限公司,北京100160 [2]泰克美生物科技(喀左)有限公司,辽宁喀左122306

出　　处：《辽宁农业科学》2023年第6期12-17,共6页Liaoning Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2019JH/1020003)。

摘　　要：试验将青储玉米田地分成等面积小区,利用沼液和化肥不同的组合方式对土壤进行施肥处理,连续施用3年后,分析小区土壤的养分、机械组成及微生物菌群变化,研究沼液还田对20~25 cm深度土壤理化指标、机械组成和微生物菌群的影响。结果表明,在青储玉米地施用不同比例沼液后,土壤中有机质和全氮含量得到显著提升,且沼液还田比例越大,提升效果越明显;根据机械组成检测结果,施用沼液组土壤黏粒和粉粒居多,施用化肥组的粗砂和极粗砂占比较大。沼液还田促进了土壤微生物菌群的变化,从门和纲层次变化分析,变形菌门(纲)、放线菌门(纲)是主要优势菌门(纲)、酸杆菌门和浮霉菌门的相对丰度随着施用沼液比例增加而增加。土壤中微生物菌群比例发生变化,菌群种类差异不明显。综合考虑青储玉米种植地养分及理化性质变化,沼液与化肥为1∶1~2∶1是较佳的施肥配比。The silage corn fields were divided into equal size plots and the soil was fertilised with different combinations of biogas and chemical fertilisers.After 3 years of continuous application,the nutrients,mechanical composition and microbial communities of the soil in the test plots were analysed to study the effect of methane return on the physicochemical indexes,mechanical composition and microbial flora of the soil at 20~25 cm depth.The results showed that the organic matter and total nitrogen content of the soil was significantly enhanced in the silage corn fields with different proportions of biogas slurry applied,and the greater the proportion of biogas returned to the field,the more obvious the enhancement effect.According to the results of the mechanical composition test,the soil was more clayey and powdery in biogas slurry application group,while coarse and very coarse sand was more predominant in the fertiliser application group.The biogas slurry return promoted changes in the soil microflora.In terms of phylum and phylum level changes,the relative abundance of Aspergillus(phylum)and Actinomycetes(phylum)were the main dominant phylum(phylum),and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Phytomycetes increased with the proportion of methane application.the proportion of microbial community in the soil changed and the differences in the species of the community were not significant.Considering the nutrient and the change of physicochemical properties of the silage corn fields,1∶1~2∶1 ratio of biogas to fertiliser was found to be a better way.

关 键 词：沼液还田 土壤养分 土壤机械组成 微生物菌群 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]