古风成沉积理论体系与研究进展  

Theoretical System and Research Progress of Eolian Deposits

作　　者：许欢 柳永清[3] 旷红伟[3] 彭楠[3] 丁家翔 杜研 苑婷媛 XU Huan;LIU YongQing;KUANG HongWei;PENG Nan;DING JiaXiang;DU Yan;YUAN TingYuan(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;College of Earth Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地球系统科学重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]云南大学地球科学学院,昆明650500 [3]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《沉积学报》2023年第6期1681-1713,共33页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41991323,41802009,42288201);云南省中青年学术与技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160020)。

摘　　要：[意义]风成沉积作为风对地球表层沉积物剥蚀、搬运和堆积的产物,在地质历史时期具有广泛的时空分布,其形成演化与以干旱为主的气候条件和相对持续沉降的古地理背景密切相关,是开展区域古地理和古气候研究的重要载体和理想材料。经过近百年的研究,目前国际上已形成较为完善的风成沉积理论体系,有效地促进了古风成沉积的识别和解释。鉴于国内还没有系统的风成沉积理论体系介绍,有必要对其进行综述以此增进对风成沉积理论和研究方法的了解。[进展]通过解读前人文献资料,并结合自身研究经历,从大气的流动特征、风的流体性质与风场、沉积物的搬运、风成沉积的组成与结构、风成床沙形体、风成地层、风成界面、风成沉积体系、风成沉积的形成与保存等方面,对风成沉积理论体系进行了较为全面的梳理。[结论与展望]提出具有逆粒序的风成波痕、风成沙波层、颗粒表面的沙漠漆、石英显微形貌中的碟形撞击坑、新月形撞击坑、分级弧和上翻解理薄片可作为风成沉积鉴别的绝对标志。综合分析风成地层和风蚀界面是重建古沙丘类型的基本方法。利用多学科手段,有效提取风成沉积所蕴含的古地理和古气候信息,对于开展区域和全球性重大地质事件的研究具有重要科学意义。[Significance]Eolian deposition,a product of wind erosion,transportation,and accumulation on the surface of the Earth,has a wide spatiotemporal distribution in geological history.Its formation and evolution are close-ly related to arid climatic conditions and the relatively continuous subsidence of paleogeographic backgrounds,mak-ing it an important carrier and ideal material for regional paleogeography and paleoclimatology research.After nearly a century of research,a relatively complete theoretical system of eolian deposition has been formed internationally,effectively promoting the identification and interpretation of ancient eolian deposits.Given the lack of a systematic in-troduction to eolian deposition theory in China,it is necessary to provide a review to enhance understanding of eolian deposition theory and research methods.[Progress]By reviewing previous literature and drawing upon personal re-search experience,a comprehensive review of the theoretical framework of eolian deposition was conducted,focusing on aspects such as atmospheric flow characteristics,fluid properties and wind fields,sediment transport,composi-tion and structure of eolian deposits,eolian bedforms,eolian stratigraphy,eolian bounding surfaces,eolian deposi-tional systems,and the formation and preservation of eolian deposits.[Conclusions and Prospects]Inverse grain size sequences in wind ripple marks,wind ripple strata,desert varnish on particle surfaces,dish-shaped impact cra-ters,crescent-shaped impact craters,graded arcs,and overturned laminations in quartz microtextures can serve as absolute indicators for identifying eolian deposition.A comprehensive analysis of aeolian stratigraphy and erosional bounding surfaces is a fundamental method for reconstructing ancient dune types.Using interdisciplinary approach-es,it is possible to effectively extract paleogeographic and paleoclimatic information contained within eolian depos-its,which is of great scientific significance for studying regional and global geological events.

关 键 词：风成沉积 古地理 古气候 理论体系 

分 类 号：P512.2[天文地球—地质学]