A comprehensive review of azadirachtin: physicochemical properties, bioactivities, production, and biosynthesis  

作　　者：Xinyao Su Zhipeng Liang Qiang Xue Jia Liu Xuemi Hao Caixia Wang 

机构地区：[1]School of Chinese Materia Medica,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin,China [2]Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing,China [3]College of Life Sciences,Huaibei Normal University,Huaibei,China

出　　处：《Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine》2023年第4期256-270,共15页针灸和草药（英文）

基　　金：supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (C12021A04111 and C12021A04116);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes (ZZ14-YQ-031 and ZZ13-YQ-040);the National Key Research and Development Project (2019YFC19066);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200308).

摘　　要：Azadirachtin,a complex tetratriterpenoid limonin with potent insecticidal properties,is the most widely used biological pesticide worldwide.Its versatile pharmacological applications include the inhibition of tumor growth and anti-malarial,anti-bacterial,and anti-inflammatory properties.Azadirachtin plays a pivotal role in pest control and novel drug development.The primary source of azadirachtin is the neem tree(Azadirachta indica A.Juss),with an azadirachtin content ranging from 0.3%to 0.5%.Despite the market demand for botanical pesticides reaching approximately 100,000 tons per year,the annual neem production in China is only 1.14 tons.Although azadirachtin can be obtained through plant extraction or chemical synthesis,the quantity obtained does not meet the market demand in China.The sluggish pace of azadirachtin biosynthesis results from the limited availability of genetic information and the complexity of the synthetic pathway.Recent advancements in azadirachtin biosynthesis hold promise as an efficient collection method.In this study,we explored the physicochemical properties,biological activities,mechanisms of action,and acquisition methods of azadirachtin.We also delved into recent progress in azadirachtin biosynthesis and assessed potential future usage challenges.This study aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the scientific application and efficient synthesis of azadirachtin,offering valuable reference information to the industry.

关 键 词：AZADIRACHTIN BIOSYNTHESIS Mechanism of action Neem Graphical abstract:http://links.lww.com/AHM/A79 

分 类 号：R285[医药卫生—中药学]