辩证法的感性改造与政治经济学的形而上学批判——以《哲学的贫困》为中心的考察  

The Perceptual Reconstruction of Dialectics and the Criticism Of Metaphysics of Political Economy An Investigation Centered on The Poverty of Philosophy

作　　者：刘建江 Liu Jianjiang(Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期90-99,共10页Wuhan University Journal：Philosophy & Social Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(21JZD006);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2023WKYXZD016)。

摘　　要：在《哲学的贫困》中,马克思不仅展开了对蒲鲁东的系列辩证法和黑格尔的理性辩证法的双重批判,而且对其进行了感性改造。马克思对蒲鲁东政治经济学批判的核心,在于彻底揭露和批判其形而上学性质。通过对蒲鲁东政治经济学范畴抽象方法的批判,马克思揭示了经济范畴的感性来源,阐释了其政治经济学批判的研究对象;通过对蒲鲁东政治经济学方法论中的伪历史主义的披露,马克思立足于社会关系赋予了辩证法真正的历史性,彰显了其政治经济学批判的历史主义原则;通过对蒲鲁东政治经济学的伪批判性和抽象实证性的揭露,马克思阐明了其政治经济学批判是一门“革命的科学”和“历史运动的科学”,凸显了其政治经济学批判的革命向度。立足于对蒲鲁东“政治经济学的形而上学”的批判,马克思既在政治经济学批判语境中探讨了哲学方法论的问题,又在哲学方法论视域中考察了政治经济学批判的科学性质问题,实现了历史唯物主义与政治经济学批判的最初融汇。In The Poverty of Philosophy,Marx not only criticized Proudhon's series of dialectics and Hegel's rational dialectics but also conducted perceptual transformation of them.The core of Marx's criticism of Proudhon's political economy is to thoroughly uncover and criticize its metaphysical nature.Through uncovering and criticizing the category abstraction method of Proudhon's political economy,Marx revealed the perceptual source of the economic category and explained the research object of his criticism of political economy;Through the disclosure and elimination of pseudo-historicism in Proudhon's methodology of political economy,Marx,on the basis of social relations,endowed dialectics with real historicity,and demonstrated the historicism principle of his criticism of political economy;Through the exposure of pseudo-criticism and abstract positivism in Proudhon's political economy,Marx clarified that his criticism of political economy is a''revolutionary science''and''the science of historical movement'',highlighting the revolutionary dimension of his criticism of political economy.Based on the criticism of Proudhon's metaphysics of political economy,Marx not only discussed the philosophical methodology in the context of political economy criticism but also investigated the scientific nature of the criticism of political economy from the perspective of philosophical methodology,thus realizing the initial integration of historical materialism and the political economy criticism.

关 键 词：马克思 《哲学的贫困》 感性辩证法 政治经济学的形而上学 历史唯物主义 政治经济学批判 

分 类 号：B02[哲学宗教—哲学理论] B0-0