植物生长调节剂对4年树龄澳洲坚果品HASE695果实发育的影响  

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators at the First Week of Anthesis on Fruit Setting and Quality in 4-Year-Old Macadamia Variety HASE695

作　　者：张金云 刘姚 杨光 宋杰 阳桂芳 吴世军 Jinyun Zhang;Yao Liu;Guang Yang;Jie Song;Guifang Yang;Shijun Wu(College of Horticulture and Food,Guangdong ecological engineering Vocational College,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510520,China)

机构地区：[1]广东生态工程职业学院园艺与食品学院,广东广州510520

出　　处：《当代农业（中英文版）》2023年第1期8-15,共8页Journal of Modern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目《热带木本油料作物新品种培育及高效配套关键技术研究与示范》(2023YFD2200700)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同浓度下的几种植生长调节剂对HASE695果实发育的影响,确定植物生长调节剂合理施用浓度,为澳洲坚果优质丰产栽培技术提供借鉴。【方法】以4年树龄HASE695为试验对象,选取GA3、BR和CPPU等植物生调节剂为保果剂,设置了12个不同的处理浓度。比较了不同处理对鲜果横径、鲜果纵径、鲜果重、果皮厚、鲜种重、种横径、种纵径、果形指数、单株产量等果实发育参数指标的差异。【结果】GA320 mg/L处理对果横径、果纵径、鲜果重、鲜种重等指标影响明显,分别比对照增加16.53%、17.01%、46.14%、26.82%;GA340 mg/L处理对单株产量增产效果较好,达13.33 kg,产量增加44.7%;BR 0.06 mg/L处理对鲜果纵径、鲜果重、果皮厚、鲜种重、种横径、种纵径等指标作用明显,分别增加13.9%、56.1%、29.81%、40.39%、14.82%、12.19%。BR 0.4 mg/L处理果形指数提升10.38%,单株产量达16.33 kg,增产效果好,产量增加77.3%;CPPU 20 mg/L处理对鲜果横径、鲜果纵径、鲜果重、果皮厚、鲜种重和种纵径等参数影响明显,分别增加13.66%、11.14%、37.21%、21.45%、19.05%、5.56%。CPPU 40 mg/L处理对鲜果横径和果形指数提升10.69%、3.89%、单株产量达17.76kg,增产效果好,产量增加92.83%;20mg/L GA3+0.13 mg/L LBR+20 mg/L CPPU混合处理对鲜果横径、鲜果纵径、鲜果重、鲜种重、种横径和种纵径等参数影响明显,分别增加18.06%、14.61%、54.58%、33.99%、12.9%、12.79%。40 mg/L GA3+0.4 mg/L BR+40 mg/L CPPU混合处理增产效果最好,单株产量达18.07 kg,产量增加96.19%。【结论】花谢后1~7天内,喷施GA3、BR、CPPU均能提高澳洲坚果产量和改善品质,其中40 mg/L GA3+0.4 mg/L BR+40 mg/L CPPU混合处理单株产量达18.07 kg,产量增加96.19%,增产效果较好,是较为适宜的组合配比。Low fruit setting is one of the major barriers restricting the production of macadamia.High physiological dropping is the key essential biological reason for low fruit setting in macadamia.Most of the previous studies on fruit setting rate focus on improving the fruit setting of flower bud differentiation stage and fruit setting stage,and there are no effective approaches to improving the fruit set-ting during the first week of anthesis stage.The objective of this study was to figure out more effective ways to increase the fruit setting of macadamia by spraying plant growth regulators at the first week of blooming stage.Currently,in the production and cultivation management of macadamia nuts,targeted and reasonable measures for protecting flowers and fruits during the flowering and fruiting periods in Australian orchards need to be developed.The application and concentration of different plant growth regulators in different geographical and climatic conditions still need to be further improved,in order to achieve high yield and quality of macadamia nuts.At present,research reports on the flower and fruit preservation of macadamia nuts mainly focus on some single plant growth regulators such as gibberellin(GA3),naphthylacetic acid(NAA),and 2,4-D to regulate the growth and development mechanism of macadamia nuts.There are few studies on the interaction between various plant growth regulators used in macadamia nuts,and future research should consider the impact of the interaction between different plant growth regulators on the yield and quality of macadamia nuts,The intrinsic mechanism of increasing the yield of macadamia nuts through the mixed application of multiple plant growth regulators.

关 键 词：植物生长调节剂 GA3 BR CPPU 果形指数 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]