饲料中添加黄连素和胆汁酸对大口黑鲈生长、抗氧化指标、肝肠组织结构及肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of dietary berberine and bile acid supplementation on largemouth bass growth,antioxidant indices,liver and intestinal tissue and its microbiota

作　　者：杨惠慈 夏耘[2] 张凯[2] 田晶晶 李红燕 谢骏[2] 郁二蒙[2] 孙金辉 王广军[2] YANG Huici;XIA Yun;ZHANG Kai;TIAN Jingjing;LI Hongyan;XIE Jun;YU Ermeng;SUN Jinhui;WANG Guangjun(Tianjin Key Laboratory of green ecologycal feed,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Ru-ral Affairs,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市绿色生态饲料重点实验室,天津300384 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东省水产动物免疫与绿色重点实验,广东广州510380

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2023年第6期1-11,共11页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2020A1515110249);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32002401);广东省省级农业科技创新及推广项目(2022KJ150)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究饲料中添加黄连素和胆汁酸对大口黑鲈生长性能、代谢、肠道组织学及微生物种群和肠道微生物的影响。【方法】以初始体质量为(133.7±1.43)g的大口黑鲈为研究对象,在基础饲料中分别添加300 mg/kg的胆汁酸和2 g/kg的黄连素作为试验组,以基础饲料作为对照组,饲喂大口黑鲈50 d,测定比较其生长指标、血清和肝脏生理生化指标、肠道组织学及内容物微生物种群组成差异。【结果】饲料中添加黄连素和胆汁酸可以显著改善大口黑鲈的生长性能,与对照组相比,黄连素组和胆汁酸组特定生长率显著增加,肝体比显著降低(P<0.05);饲料中添加黄连素和胆汁酸可以显著降低大口黑鲈血清促炎症因子(肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α))和血糖含量(P<0.05);饲料中添加黄连素可显著提升肝脏糖酵解、糖异生关键酶含量(P<0.05);与对照组相比,黄连素组和胆汁酸组肠道微生物厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)占比增加,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)降低,假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas)降低;饲料中添加黄连素和胆汁酸可以使大口黑鲈肝脏组织空泡化明显改善,细胞脂肪减少,肠道绒毛长度较长,肠壁较厚,杯状细胞数量增加,嗜酸性颗粒细胞较少。【结论】添加黄连素和胆汁酸能够提高大口黑鲈的生长性能,减少炎症反应,促进大口黑鲈的糖代谢,改变肠道菌群的相对丰度和多样性。【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effect of berberine and bile acid supplementa-tion on the growth performance,immunity,glucose metabolism,and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass.【Method】Largemouth bass with an initial body weight of(133.7±1.43)g were selected as the re-search subjects,and the basal diet was supplemented with 300 mg/kg bile acid and 2 g/kg berberine.The control group was fed with the basal diet for 50 days.Physiological and biochemical analyses,as well as high-throughput sequencing,were employed to assess physiological and metabolic parameters,tissue mor-phology,and intestinal microorganisms.【Result】It was showed that berberine and bile acid supplementa-tions significantly improved the growth performance of largemouth bass.Compared to the control group,the berberine and bile acid groups exhibited a significantly increased specific growth rate and a decreased hepato-somatic ratio(P<0.05).Berberine and bile acid supplementation also led to a significant decrease in the levels of the proinflammatory factor TNF-αand blood glucose in the serum of largemouth bass(P<0.05).Dietary berberine increased the levels of key enzymes involved in liver glycolysis and gluconeogenesis(P<0.05).Moreover,the berberine and bile acid groups displayed an increased proportion of intestinal mi-crobe Firmicutes,a decreased abundance of Proteobacteria,and reduced levels of Pseudomonas.Addition-ally,dietary supplementation of berberine and bile acid improved liver tissue vacuolation,reduced cellular fat,resulted in longer intestinal villi and thicker intestinal walls,increased goblet cells,and decreased eosino-philic granulosa cells.【Conclusion】The dietary addition of berberine and bile acid improved growth perfor-mance,reduced inflammation,promoted glucose metabolism,and caused the changes in relative abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass.

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 胆汁酸 黄连素 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]