不同施氮量对麦后复种蔬菜生长及碳氮比的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen dosage on the growth and carbonnitrogen ratio of the wheat compound vegetables

作　　者：杨伊玲 刘根红[1] 薛垠鑫 王巧玲 李杨 张倩 刘露露 YANG Yiing;LIU Genhong;XUE Yinxin;WANG Qiaoing;LI Yang;ZHANG Qian;LIU Luu(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2023年第6期56-65,共10页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2019BBF02007,2021BEF02034)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦收获后光热等自然资源剩余,土壤地力仍待开发利用等问题,提出麦后复种耕作模式,达到充分利用资源、增产增效的目的。【方法】本试验采用裂区设计方法,主区为麦后复种不同蔬菜类型:春小麦-萝卜、春小麦-辣椒和春小麦-白菜,以空白地为对照;副区为施氮量因子,共设置4个水平:N_(0):0 kg/hm^(2)、N_(1):180 kg/hm^(2)、N_(2):225 kg/hm^(2)、N_(3):270 kg/hm^(2)。研究了不同施氮量对麦后复种蔬菜生长及碳氮比的影响。【结果】果菜类辣椒和根菜类萝卜C/N随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势,对应的SPAD值和产量先增加后减少,在N2水平为最佳施氮量;叶菜类白菜C/N随施氮量的增加而下降,对应的SPAD值和产量不断增加,即N3水平为最佳施氮量。复种蔬菜在最佳施氮量下均达到最高产,果菜类为6851.48 kg/hm^(2)、叶菜类为64855.32 kg/hm^(2)、根菜类为101277.10 kg/hm^(2),此时碳氮比为最适C/N,所对应的相对叶绿素也是最大值。【结论】在最佳施氮量和适宜C/N下不仅有利于作物茁壮生长,而且更有助于实现节肥增产的目标。【Objective】Considering the surplus of light and heat in the irrigation area of Ningxia after spring wheat cultivation,a post-wheat tillage mode is proposed to maximize resource utilization,increase production,and improve efficiency.【Method】The experiment involved the cultivation of spring wheat-radish,spring wheat-pepper,and spring wheat-cabbage in the main area,with four nitrogen dosage levels:N_(0):0 kg/hm^(2),N_(1):180 kg/hm^(2),N_(2):225 kg/hm^(2) and N_(3):270 kg/hm^(2).The study examined the effects of differ-ent nitrogen dosages on vegetable growth and the carbon-nitrogen ratio.【Result】The results indicated that the carbon-nitrogen ratio(C/N)of fruit pepper and root radish decreased with increasing nitrogen applica-tion,while the corresponding SPAD value and yield increased at the N2 level.The C/N of leaf cabbage also decreased,with an increase in the corresponding SPAD value and yield,indicating that the N3 level was the most optimal nitrogen application rate.Multiple vegetables achieved their highest yields with the optimal ni-trogen application,resulting in 6851.48 kg/hm^(2) for fruit and vegetables,64855.32 kg/hm^(2) for leaf veg-etables,and 111277.10 kg/hm^(2) for root vegetables.At this stage,the carbon-nitrogen ratio was most suit-able,and the corresponding relative chlorophyll content was also at its maximum.【Conclusion】A compre-hensive analysis demonstrated that the optimal nitrogen application rate and appropriate C/N not only pro-mote strong crop growth but also contribute to the goal of fertilizer savings and increased production.

关 键 词：氮肥 蔬菜 SPAD 产量 碳氮比 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]