不同年龄段人群驾驶分心时的视觉特性分析  

Analysis of Visual Characteristics of Different Age Groups when Driving Distracted

作　　者：褚英帆 秦华 冉令华[3] 张然[1] 张欣 CHU Ying-fan;QIN Hua;RAN Ling-hua;ZHANG Ran;ZHANG Xin(Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture School of Mechanical-Electronic and Automobile Engineering,Beijing 102616,China;Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing Engineering Reseach Center of Monitoring for Construction Safety,Beijing 102616,China;China National Institute of Standardization,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学机电与车辆工程学院,北京102616 [2]北京建筑大学北京建筑安全检测工程技术研究中心,北京102616 [3]中国标准化研究院,北京100191

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2023年第34期14851-14856,共6页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFF0206601);北京社会科学基金一般项目(19GLB029)。

摘　　要：针对驾驶过程中浏览车载信息系统次任务时引发的驾驶分心问题,研究聚焦不同年龄段驾驶员的视觉注意资源分配策略,分析在动态视觉信息源的刺激下发生驾驶分心时的视觉行为表征。通过视觉搜索的实验方法,模拟驾驶过程中驾驶员浏览车载信息系统次任务的视觉行为过程,并分别测量了横向和纵向两种车载中控屏摆放方式下的参试者视觉特性数据与搜索绩效数据。通过分析驾驶员浏览车载信息系统次任务时视觉注意资源的分散程度,以衡量其在行程中的驾驶分心程度,在此基础上提出有益于缓解驾驶分心行为的车载中控屏视觉区域。实验结果表明:横向中控屏测试中,参试者在上部区域的平均视觉搜索反应时长为641.92 ms,眼动数据显示,注视点集中分布于上部区域。纵向中控屏测试中,参试者在下部区域的平均视觉搜索反应时长为751.75 ms,眼动数据显示,注视点集中分布于右侧区域。年龄在59~68岁这个范围的老年参试者在执行模拟浏览车载信息系统次任务时的视觉搜索反应时长更长,平均为11639.57 ms,注视点分布更分散。可知,在横向中控屏的上部区域与纵向中控屏的下部区域的反应时间更长,在横向中控屏的上部区域与纵向中控屏的右侧区域交叉的占用的注视资源更多。研究表明,在动态视觉信息源的刺激下老年参试者与静态信息源刺激差异较为明显,且横向运动的信息源更容易被参试者捕捉,所占用的视觉资源少,不易引发驾驶分心行为。Aiming at the problem of driving distraction caused by browsing the sub-task of the vehicle information system during the driving process,this paper studies the visual attention resource allocation strategy focusing on drivers of different ages,and analyzes the visual behavior representation when driving distraction occurs under the stimulation of dynamic visual information sources.Through the experimental method of visual search,the behavior process of the driver browsing the on-board information task during driving was simulated,and the visual characteristic data and search performance data of the participants under the horizontal and vertical placement modes of the on-board central control screen were measured respectively.By analyzing the dispersion of visual attention resources when the driver browses the on-board information task,in order to measure the degree of driving distraction in the journey,on this basis,a visual area of on-board central control screen beneficial to alleviate driving distraction behavior was proposed.The experimental results show as follows.in the horizontal central control screen test,the average visual search response time of the participants in the upper area is 641.92 ms.The eye movement data shows that the fixation points are concentrated in the upper area.In the longitudinal central control screen test,the average visual search response time of the participants in the lower area was 751.75 ms.The eye movement data showed that the fixation points were concentrated in the right area.The visual search response time of elderly participants aged 59~68 years was longer,with an average of 11639.57 ms,and the gaze distribution was more dispersed.It can be seen that the reaction time between the upper area of the horizontal central control screen and the lower area of the vertical central control screen is longer,and the gaze resources occupied by the intersection of the upper area of the horizontal central control screen and the right area of the vertical central control screen are mor

关 键 词：动态视野区域 视觉搜索 驾驶分心 视觉注意资源 不同年龄人群 

分 类 号：U471.3[机械工程—车辆工程]