根及根茎类中药材中多环芳烃污染情况分析及初步风险评估  

Analysis and Preliminary Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution in Root and Rhizome Chinese Medicinal Herbs

作　　者：刘丽娜[1] 左甜甜 金红宇[1] 昝珂[1] 马双成[1] LIU Li-na;ZUO Tian-tian;JIN Hong-yu;ZAN Ke;MA Shuang-cheng(National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Beijing 102629,China)

机构地区：[1]中国食品药品检定研究院,北京102629

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2023年第10期2186-2194,共9页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：2022年度国家药品标准制修订研究课题(2022Z15)。

摘　　要：目的:了解根及根茎类中药材中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染水平,评估这类中药材中PAHs对人群的健康风险。方法:采用氘代PAHs同位素内标,样品以乙腈提取,经C_(18)固相萃取小柱净化后,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS/MS)测定PAHs残留量,分析了17个品种46批次的根及根茎类中药材PAHs污染情况,并对其污染源进行分析,采用苯并(a)芘毒性等效当量法对根及根茎类中药材中PAHs的安全性进行评估。结果:根及根茎类中药材中18种PAHs化合物的检出范围为16.3~1005.6μg·kg^(-1),检测平均值为255.1μg·kg^(-1),其中苯并(a)芘的检出范围为未检出(ND)~15.4μg·kg^(-1),检测平均值为2.3μg·kg^(-1),检出率为69%。根及根茎类中药材中PAHs主要为轻质PAHs,污染源主要为生物质或煤炭燃烧。服用根及根茎类中药材因PAHs的污染对人群引起的致癌风险值为7.52×10^(–8)~1.16×10^(–5)。结论:根及根茎类中药材受到一定的PAHs的污染,人群经口服根及根茎类中药材摄入PAHs在当前设定暴露情况下的健康风险较低。Objective:To investigate the pollution levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in root and rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs and to evaluate the health risks posed by PAHs in such herbal materials to consumers.Methods:Using deuterated PAH isotope as internal standard,the samples were extracted by acetonitrile and purified by solid phase extraction on C_(18) cartridges.Then,the residues of PAHs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS).Analyses were conducted on 46 batches of 17 varieties of root and rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs to assess the pollution of PAHs,and the sources of pollution were also analyzed.The safety of PAHs in root and rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs was assessed by toxicity equivalent of benzo(a)pyrene(TEQBaP).Results:The detection ranges for the 18 PAH compounds in root and rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs were between 16.3-1005.6μg·kg^(-1),with an average detection value of 255.1μg·kg^(-1).The detection ranges for BaP were between nondetectable(ND)and 15.4μg·kg^(-1),with an average detection value of 2.3μg·kg^(-1) and a detection rate of 69%.The PAHs found in root and rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs were mainly light PAHs,and the primary sources of this pollution were biomass or coal combustion.The carcinogenic risk values of consuming these herbs due to PAH pollution ranged from 7.52×10–8 to 1.16×10–5.Conclusion:Root and rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs,despite experiencing some extent of PAH pollution,pose a relatively low health risk to the population when these herbs are orally consumed under current exposure conditions.

关 键 词：根及根茎类 中药材 多环芳烃 污染情况 风险评估 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]