基于称重式蒸渗仪的辽西花生需水量及作物系数研究  

Studies on Water Demand and Crop Coefficients of Peanut by Using Weighing Lysimeter in Western Liaoning

作　　者：张慧[1,2] 贾森 王蛟洋[2] 张歌 高全 高莉莉 吴航 ZHANG Hui;JIA Sen;WANG Jiao-yang;ZHANG Ge;GAO Quan;GAO Li-li;WU Hang(Institute of Atmos pheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166,China;Jinzhou Ecology and Agriculture Meteorological Center,Jinzhou 121011,China;Suihua University,Suihua 152001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]锦州市生态与农业气象中心,辽宁锦州121011 [3]绥化学院,黑龙江绥化152001

出　　处：《花生学报》2023年第4期47-52,59,共7页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41775110);辽宁省应用基础研究计划(2022JH2/101300190);辽宁省气象局年度基金项目(202213);辽宁省气象局博士科研专项(D202302);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所和辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室联合开放基金项目(2023SYIAEKFMS22)。

摘　　要：准确掌握辽西花生全生育期及各发育阶段需水量,及时准确预报其蒸散量,对优化水资源管理和开展花生精准气象服务具有重要意义。本研究依托锦州农业气象试验站,基于2022年大型称重式蒸渗仪观测数据,确定花生各发育阶段需水量;通过应用单作物系数法修正花生作物系数至旬尺度,进而提高花生蒸散模拟准确性。结果表明:花生全生育期总需水量385mm,各发育阶段需水量为下针-结荚期>结荚-成熟期>开花-下针期>播种-开花期;花生作物系数k_(c)在花生出苗后开始增加,在下针-结荚期达到最大,随后开始减小。本研究对逐日作物系数k_(c)值进行旬平均,进而给出花生作物系数旬值;与FAO56推荐作物系数比较,作物系数修正后可以提高3.6%的蒸散模拟准确性。本研究为花生节水灌溉和开展精准蒸散预报服务提供了理论依据。Water demand at different growth stages of peanut in western Liaoning is required for relatively accurate evapotranspiration forecast,which is of significance to water management and peanut growth.The observation data measured through the weighing lysimeter in Jinzhou Ecology and Agriculture Meteorological Center in 2022 were used to assess the water demand of peanut at different growth stages.Ten-day crop coefficient was introduced to improve the accuracy of evapotranspiration simulation.The results are as follows:a total of 385 mm water is required for peanut growth.Water demand ranks the first at the pegging-podding stage,followed by podding-mature stage(the second),flowering-pegging stage(the third),to seedling stage(the fourth).The crop coefficient of peanut(k_(c))increases at the initial growth stage,and reaches the maximum at pegging-podding stage,and then decreases.In this paper,ten-day crop coefficient is introduced and,as a result,the accuracy of evapotranspiration simulation is 3.6%higher than FAO56 recommended crop coefficient.This study provides a theoretical basis for water efficiency irrigation and accurate evapotranspiration forecast.

关 键 词：花生 蒸渗仪 需水量 蒸散 作物系数 

分 类 号：S165.22[农业科学—农业气象学] S565.207.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]