法律责任视角下土地抛荒的规制路向  

The Regulating Direction of Land Abandonment from the Perspective of Legal Responsibility

作　　者：王洪广 WANG Hongguang(College of Law,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《安徽乡村振兴研究》2023年第5期40-51,共12页ANHUI RURAL REVITALIZATION STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“三权置背景下集体土地所有权实现的法律问题研究”(19XFX007);司法部国家法治和法学理论研究项目“乡村振兴战略实施的土地法制改革路径”(18SFB2033);广东省教育厅普通高校科研创新团队项目“乡村振兴战略法治保障研究”(2018WCXTD)。

摘　　要：土地抛荒是轮作休耕计划外适耕土地非因不可抗力被弃耕或未被充分利用的行为,严重影响耕地保护、粮食安全和生态环境保护。法律责任视角下土地抛荒的规制路向需要厘清农民集体、土地承包经营权人、土地经营权人和非农建设用地单位为土地抛荒的责任主体。上述主体抛荒土地可能产生行政责任、民事侵权或违约责任,而且由于土地权利的复杂结构,三种责任之间呈现纠结状态,应考察法益受侵害的情况对责任竞合或聚合做出准确判断,以合理分配法律负担。以耕地保护和粮食安全保障立法为契机,可以明确警告为抛荒土地行政责任的实现形式,而其民事责任的实现形式可分类规定:土地承包经营权人采用“自行委托—责令限期处理—组织代耕”模式;土地经营权人采用“自行流转或交回—责令限期处理—收取荒芜费—收回流转土地、赔偿损失”模式;集体则采用民主自治模式。通过法律责任的落实不断强化公法、私法配合,以形成合力,提升土地抛荒规制实效。Land abandonment is the act of abandoning farmland or under-utilizing farmland not because of crop rotation and fallow plan,seriously affecting the protection of arable land,food security and ecological environment protection.The first thing that needs to be clarified is that farmers'collectives,land contract management rights holders,land management rights holders and non-agricultural construction land units are the responsible subjects for land abandonment under the perspective of legal responsibility.Secondly,it is necessary to clarify that the above subjects may have administrative responsibility and civil tort or breach of contract responsibility for farmland abandonment,and considering the complex structure of land rights,the entanglement,of three rights should be examined in the case of infringement of legal interests of the responsibility of the competing or aggregation of accurate judgment in order to reasonably allocate the legal burden.Finally,taking the arable land protection and food security legislation as an opportunity,warning can be the realization of the form of administrative responsibility for land abandonment,and its civil liability can be realized by classification:the land contract management right to adopt the"selfcommissioning-ordered to deal with the deadline-the organization of cultivation";the land management right adopts the mode of"self-transferring or handing back-ordered to deal with the deadline-charging barrenness fee-recovering the transferred land,compensation for damages"mode;the collective adopts the mode of democratic self-governance.The collective adopts the model of democratic self-governance.Through the implementation of legal responsibility,the public and private laws are continuously strengthened to form a synergy to enhance the effectiveness of land abandonment regulation.

关 键 词：土地抛荒 责任主体 责任类型 责任实现 

分 类 号：F830[经济管理—金融学]