泄洪洞补气洞面积设计合理性评估方法研究  

Rationality evaluation on design of air supply hole area for spillway tunnels

作　　者：张鹏飞[1] 宋凯 徐鹏[1] ZHANG Pengfei;SONG Kai;XU Peng(Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute,Kaifeng 475000,China;Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;National Research Center for Dam Safety Engineering Technology,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利职业技术学院,河南开封475000 [2]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [3]国家大坝安全工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第12期195-201,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：四川省科学技术计划项目(2020YJ0320);河南省水利科技攻关项目(GG202258)。

摘　　要：对于高流速泄洪洞而言,补气洞的合理设计是保证其运行安全的重要因素之一,但是目前行业上都是依据经验来确定截面尺寸,因此多数工程上都存在补气洞内风速过大或者补气不足的现象。采用数值模拟计算的方法,分析了补气洞面积对补气洞内风速的影响规律,并建立了补气洞内风速与水流流速和面积系数(补气洞面积/洞顶余幅面积)三者之间的关系式。研究结果表明:增大补气洞面积,洞内平均风速随之减小,并且能够提升洞内空气的流畅性;利用锦屏一级水电站原型观测数据进行验证,所构建的风速预测公式误差小于10%;以风速和补气能力作为控制指标,提出了一种评估补气洞设计合理性的方法,并提出调整补气洞截面尺寸的改进措施,该措施使洞内风速满足规范要求的同时,还能保证有较大的补气能力。For high-velocity spillways,a reasonable design of the air supply hole is one of the important factors ensuring its safe operation.However,at present,the cross-section size of the air supply hole is determined based on experience in the industry.Therefore,most projects have the phenomenon of excessive wind speed or insufficient air supply in the air supply hole.In this paper,the numerical simulation method was used to analyze the influence of the area of the air supply hole on the wind speed.The relationship between the wind speed in the air supply hole,the flow velocity and the area coefficient(the area of the air supply hole divided by the residual area of the air supply hole top)was established.The research results showed that by increasing the area of the air supply hole,the average wind speed in the hole decreased,and the fluency of the air in the hole could be improved.Based on the prototype observation data from Jinping I Hydropower Station,it showed that the resulting error of the aforementioned wind speed prediction formula was less than 10%.At last,taking wind speed and air supply capacity as control indexes,a method to evaluate the rationality of air supply hole design was proposed,and the corresponding improvement measures were put forward.By adjusting the section size of the air supply hole,the wind speed can meet the requirements of the specification,and the air supply capacity can be guaranteed.

关 键 词：泄洪洞 补气洞 数值模拟 面积系数 锦屏一级水电站 

分 类 号：TV651.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]