三峡水库蓄水期高水位下泄洪设施运用方式优化  

Optimization of flood discharge facilities operation mode under high water levels during impoundment period of Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：陈鸿丽 童广勤 熊堃 张海龙 董宗师 CHEN Hongli;TONG Guangqin;XIONG Kun;ZHANG Hailong;DONG Zongshi(Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;National Dam Safety Research Center,Wuhan 430010,China;Basin Hub Operation Management Center of China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443134,China)

机构地区：[1]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [2]国家大坝安全工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010 [3]中国长江三峡集团有限公司流域枢纽运行管理中心,湖北宜昌443134

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第12期260-266,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2023AFB370);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3002705)。

摘　　要：针对三峡水库试验蓄水期高水位条件下深孔泄洪时坝前出现立轴旋涡和深孔泄槽水流流态不稳定等问题,以改善坝前水流流态、提高泄洪设施运用的安全性为目标,采用模型试验和数值模拟计算相结合的方法,开展了大比尺深孔泄槽水流紊动特性模型试验、坝前流场及旋涡数值模拟分析、泄洪调度优化模型试验。研究结果表明:坝前立轴旋涡是由上游斜向进流和深孔泄洪共同作用形成的,坝前旋涡为表面旋涡;水流斜向进流会加大深孔泄槽水流掺气空腔的摆幅和水流紊动强度,引起水体间歇性抬升;高水位时运用深孔泄洪,应保持坝前正向进流条件;运用表孔泄流可起到改善坝前流场和消除旋涡的作用。在三峡水库蓄水期,水位170 m以上采用先开启表孔、后开启深孔泄洪的泄洪调度方式是可行的。During the impoundment period of the Three Gorges Reservoir,when the deep-holes of flood discharge is operated under the high water level,problems often generate such as a vertical vortex in front of the dam and unstable flow pattern in the chute.Therefore,to improve the flow pattern in front of the dam and improve the safety of flood discharge facilities,a large-scale model test of flow turbulence characteristics of deep-hole chute,numerical simulation analysis of flow field and vortex in front of the dam,and optimization model test of flood discharge scheduling were carried out.The results showed that the vertical vortex in front of the dam was formed by the combined action of upstream oblique inflow and deep hole flood discharge,and the vortex in front of the dam was a surface vortex.The oblique inflow of water flow would increase the swing of the aeration cavity and the turbulence intensity of the water flow in the deep-hole chute,causing the intermittent uplift of the water body.When using deep-hole discharge under high water levels,the positive inflow condition in front of the dam should be maintained.Using surface-hole facilities could improve the flow field in front of the dam and eliminate the vortex.During the impoundment period of the Three Gorges Reservoir(water level above 170 m),it is feasible to open the surface hole first and then open the deep hole for flood discharge.

关 键 词：泄洪调度 水流紊动 立轴旋涡 三峡水库 

分 类 号：TV737[水利工程—水利水电工程]