基于抗病评价解析西南区油菜主要病害抗病育种现状  

Analysis resistance breeding progression of Brassica napus in Southwest China based on evaluation of disease resistance

作　　者：黄小琴[1,2] 张蕾 杨潇湘[1,2] 张重梅 余垚颖 邓越[1,2] 刘勇 HUANG Xiao-qin;ZHANG Lei;YANG Xiao-xiang;ZHANG Zhong-mei;YU Yao-ying;DENG Yue;LIU Yong(Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Key Labora-tory of Integrated Pest Management of Crops,Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,四川成都610066 [2]农业农村部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第6期1103-1108,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：“十四五”省农作物及畜禽育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0021-1-5);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川省创新团队(sccxtd-2023-03);四川省天府菜油行动奖补项目(2023TFRO06)。

摘　　要：为明确油菜抗菌核病、根肿病育种和抗病品种利用现状,采用人工接种辅以自然病圃诱发方式,连续7年对西南区(云、贵、川、渝)油菜新品种/育种材料和主栽品种进行抗病性评价。结果表明近7年共获得OM109、华油杂706R、南油1958R、川农油2251和川农油2252共5份高抗根肿病新品种。其中,2023年获得3份高抗根肿病新品种和16份育种材料,抗根肿病育种进展最为显著。油菜菌核病抗病新品种选育尚无明显突破,抗病类型主要以低抗菌核病为主,达到43.69%,中高抗菌核病品种抗性不稳定,连续两年鉴定显示无高抗菌核病品种。主栽品种根肿病、菌核病跟踪监测发现,抗病品种应用少,无兼抗根肿病、菌核病品种。本研究结果直观解析了油菜抗病育种成效,将为油菜抗病育种及抗病品种利用、推广提供理论参考。To elucidate the progression of the resistance breeding and utilization of Brassica napus against Sclero-tinia stem rot and clubroot,disease resistance of new varieties/breeding materials and main varieties in Southwest Chi-na(Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Chongqing)was evaluated by artificial inoculation and natural disease nursery induc-tion for 7 consecutive years.The results showed that 5 new varieties(OM109,Huayuaza 706R,Nanyou 1958R,Chuan-nong you 2251 and Chuannong you 2252)with high resistance to clubroot were obtained,3 new varieties and 16 breed-ing materials with high resistance to clubroot were obtained in 2023,and the breeding progress against clubroot was the most significant.However,there was no significant breakthrough in the breeding of new varieties resistant to Scler-otinia stem rot.The resistance types were mainly low antimicrobial sclerotinia,reaching 43.69%.The resistance of me-dium and high Sclerotinia stem rot resistant varieties was unstable,and no high varieties were identified during two consecutive years.The main varieties of Sclerotinia stem rot and clubroot tracking and monitoring found that the dis-ease-resistant varieties were used less,and there were no varieties that were simultaneously resistant to Sclerotinia stem rot and clubroot.The results of this study directly analyzed the effectiveness of B.napus resistance breeding,and were expected to provide theoretical reference for B.napus resistance breeding and its utilization.

关 键 词：油菜 根肿病 菌核病 抗病育种 

分 类 号：S32[农业科学—作物遗传育种]