传统壮药土甘草的名实辨析  

Verification of Tugancao,A Traditional Zhuang Herbal Medicine

作　　者：张晴 程卓 龙春林[1,2,3,4] ZHANG Qing;CHENG Zhuo;LONG Chunlin(Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas(Minzu University of China),National Ethnic Affairs Commission,Beijing 100081,China;College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine(Minzu University of China),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of National Security Studies,MinzuUniversity of China,Beijing100081,China)

机构地区：[1]民族地区生态环境国家民委重点实验室中央民族大学,北京100081 [2]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [3]民族医药教育部重点实验室中央民族大学,北京100081 [4]中央民族大学国家安全研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期69-80,共12页Journal of Minzu University of China(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870316,31761143001);中央民族大学交叉学科研究专项(2020MDJC03);中央民族大学国家安全研究院研究专项(2023GJAQ09)。

摘　　要：甘草是我国最著名的药材之一,在不产甘草的广大区域,“土甘草”在某些情况下代替甘草使用。一般认为,土甘草是豆科植物毛果鱼藤(Derris eriocarpa How.)的干燥藤茎,为广西壮族民间常用草药。但由于物种分布和地域文化等原因,土甘草药材指代的基原植物物种不一,在论著记载及民间使用时出现的同名异物现象较多,容易引起混淆和误用。本文通过文献查阅和实地调查等方法,对15种同名异物的土甘草药材的药材性质、药用部位、性味归经、功能与主治、民间利用方式和化学成分及相应基原植物的系统分类、生活习性、分布地区、生境特征进行归纳、对比,并从语言学及民间生物命名视角探讨“土甘草”之名的来由。建议认定壮药土甘草的正品为豆科植物毛果鱼藤(Derris eriocarpa)。研究结果有利于土甘草药材的真伪鉴定、生物文化多样性的保护与民间植物资源的可持续开发利用。Tugancao, a traditional herbal medicine commonly used by Zhuang people in Guangxi and surrounding areas of China, refers to the dried stem of Derris eriocarpa How.(Leguminosae) according to Guangxi Chinese Medicinal Materials Standard(Volume 2). Due to distributions, culture and other reasons, the valid plant species named Tugancao are different. In other words, several different species have the same name in papers, monographs and indigenous communities. Through literature reviewing and field investigations, the classification, life form, distribution, habitats, nature, medicinal parts, tropism of taste, function, chemical composition and the way used by public of 15 species commonly known as Tugancao were summarized in the present paper. Their similarities and differences were compared. The reasons why they share the same name Tugancao were elucidated. The results provided evidences for the authentication of this ethnomedicinal plant, and for conservation and sustainable use of wild Tugancao resources.

关 键 词：土甘草 毛果鱼藤 同名异物 民间命名 天然甜味成分 民族植物学 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]