公司代表人的代表权及其限制的法理分析  

Jurisprudential Analysis of Corporate Representative's Representation and Its Limitation

作　　者：叶冬影 Ye Dongying

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2023年第6期139-153,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(23QD07)资助。

摘　　要：公司代表人超越权限是我国公司法和民法典的共有概念。在认定公司代表人超越权限时,既不能简单采用代表权限与代表行为的对比方法,也不应直接将代表权归入代理权,而应从三个维度重新厘定代表权及超越权限的含义。从形成机理来看,代表权是股东、股东会或者董事会授权的结果,代表权应受法律外部限制和公司内部限制。从法律属性来看,代表权与代理权形似但实异,代表权规则是代理权规则的发展和延伸。从公司营业来看,公司代表人在公司日常业务中可以自主决定公司事务,但在公司异常业务中,公司代表人需要另行获得股东、股东会或者董事会的特别授权。公司代表人行使代表权时,既不得超越权限,也不得滥用代表权。The concept of corporate representative exceeding their authority is a shared notion in Company Law and the Civil Code of PRC.However,determining whether a company representative has exceeded their authority requires a more nuanced approach than simply contrasting their representative acts with their representative authority or equating representative power with agency power.Instead,it is essential to reevaluate the meaning of representative power and exceeding authority from three dis-tinct dimensions.Firstly,from a mechanism perspective,the representative power emerges as a result of authorization by shareholders,general meeting of shareholders or board of directors.However,it is important to recognize the representative power is subject to both external legal constraints and internal corporate restrictions.From the perspective of the legal attributes,the representative power is only similar to the agency power in form but different in essence.The rules governing representative power represent a development and extension of existing rules of agency.Lastly,from a business viewpoint,a corporate rep-resentative is granted autonomy in making decisions pertaining to the company's day-to-day operations.Nevertheless,in exceptional business matters,the corporate representative must obtain specific authori-zation from the shareholders,the general meeting of shareholders,or the board of directors.It is crucial for a company representative to exercise their representative power within the confines of their authority,avoiding both exceeding their prescribed authority and abusing their representative power.

关 键 词：公司代表权 越权行为 分层授权 异常业务 滥用代表权 

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