论数字人格要素及其民法保护——以“元宇宙”为对象  

The Protection of Digital Personality Interests from the Perspective of the"Metaverse"

作　　者：葛江虬 Ge Jiangqiu

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2023年第6期170-183,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“职业打假的社会效应与司法政策研究”(项目编号:21BFX109)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“元宇宙”相关数字技术的应用可能导致民事主体在数字空间中的名誉、身体、肖像、生命等人格要素无法得到有效保护。其根源在于,这些技术加剧了数字空间与现实世界的进一步分离,同时却强化了数字空间损害向现实世界的辐射能力。事实上,数字空间之于人类存在的意义已发生重大改变。元宇宙相关技术促进了人格要素在数字空间的汇集和凝聚,从而证成了法律评价穿透现实与虚拟的必要性。我国保护数字人格要素的可能路径包括财产法、主体法与一般侵权等,但这些路径劣后于适用我国民法典人格权编的具体人格权路径。由该路径出发,应先行识别数字空间中凝聚的人格要素及其对应的现实主体,再通过解释适用相关条文处理侵害案件。The application of digital technologies related to the"metaverse"may undermine the effective protection of the personality interests such as reputation,physical well-being,portrait,and life in the digital realm for individuals.The underlying issue stems from these technologies intensifying the divide between the digital space and the real world,while simultaneously amplifying the potential harm inflicted in the real world through the digital realm.In essence,the importance of the digital realm to hu-man existence has undergone a significant transformation.The metaverse-related technologies facilitate the gathering and consolidation of personality interests in the cyberspace,thus highlighting the imperative for legal assessment that transcends the boundaries between reality and virtuality.Potential approaches to safeguarding digital personal interests in China include avenues within property law,personality rights,and general tort law.However,these approaches lag behind the specific provisions outlined in the Civil Code concerning personality rights.Starting from this standpoint,it becomes essential to first identify the personal interests consolidated within the digital realm and their corresponding real-world counterparts,and subsequently address infringement cases by interpreting and applying relevant legal clauses.

关 键 词：数字法学 元宇宙 人格权 虚拟现实 民法典 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]