湄公河流域国家的制度重叠困境:基于泰国和越南的案例研究  

The Institutional Overlap Dilemma of Mekong Basin Countries:A Case Study Based on Thailand and Vietnam

作　　者：高滑喆 夏莉萍[1] Gao Xuzhe;Xia Liping

机构地区：[1]外交学院外交学与外事管理系

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2023年第6期61-75,共15页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大课题“完善我国领事保护制度研究”(项目编号:20&ZD206)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：21世纪以来,欧洲和东南亚国家均积极利用制度重叠策略解决特定议题领域的实际问题。欧盟国家在安全合作领域进行的制度重叠产生了正面的溢出效应,有助于欧洲一体化进程,但东南亚湄公河流域国家在水资源领域的制度重叠却使得该区域合作环境受到不利影响。有关这种差异的逻辑路径为,大国的地区竞争越激烈,地区国家越秉持“国家至上”理念,地区规范越强调共识与非正式性,地区国家针对于特定议题领域的制度重叠越容易产生负面溢出效应,令区域局势紧张,反之亦然。一方面,泰国原为解决水资源议题领域问题的区域合作制度被延展为澜沧江—湄公河合作,但美国秉持冷战思维,借机推出湄公河—美国伙伴关系进行竞争,地区合作环境由此受到消极影响;另一方面,受地区“国家至上”理念的驱动,再加之“东盟方式”提供的便利条件,泰国和越南两国根据自身利益设计并领导了“三河流域机制”和“四国机制”,以解决水资源领域的具体问题,并进一步争夺区域领导权,区域合作环境又一次因流域国家的制度重叠而恶化。不论是从结构层次还是区域层次来看,湄公河流域国家的制度重叠最终产生了负面溢出效应。泰国和越南两国在湄公河流域的制度参与现状清晰体现了湄公河流域国家的制度重叠困境,这为东南亚地区未来的制度发展提供了启示。在东南亚国家处理具体议题领域事项的过程中,东盟的内外“中心性”必须得到加强。Since the 21st century,European and Southeast Asian countries have actively used institutional overlap to solve specific practical problems.The institutional overlap of EU countries in the field of security cooperation has produced positive spillover effects,which is conducive to the European integration process.However,the institutional overlap of the countries in the Mekong basin of Southeast Asia in the field of water resources has brought about adverse effects to the regional cooperation environment.The logical path of this difference is that the more intense the regional competition between great powers is,the more Mekong basin countries uphold the"Country first"concept with more emphasis on consensus and informality of regional norms,and the more negative spillover effects are likely to emerge from the institutional overlap of regional countries with regard to specific issues,namely,to strain the regional situation,and vice versa.On the one hand,Thailand's regional cooperation institution for solving problems related to water resources has been extended to the"Lancang-Mekong Cooperation"(LMC),but the United States,who is obsessed with the Cold War mentality,still launched the"Mekong-U.S.Partnership"to compete with China,affecting the regional cooperation environment.On the other hand,with the regional concept of"Country first"and the convenience provided by the"ASEAN Way",Thailand and Vietnam designed and took the lead inthe Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy(ACMECS)and the Cambodia,Laos,Myanmar,and Vietnam's cooperative mechanism(CLMV)according to their own interests to solve the problems related to water resources and compete for regional leadership,making the cooperation environment in Mekong basin countriesonce again deteriorate due to their institutional overlap,which has finally produced negative spillover effects at both structural and regional levels.Thailand and Vietnam's institutional participation in the Mekong basin clearly demonstrates the institutional overlap dilemma o

关 键 词：制度重叠 大国区域竞争 国家至上 “东盟方式” 湄公河流域 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] TV213.4[政治法律—法学]