印度“东进政策”的发展演变、区域影响与中国的应对策略  

India's Act East Policy:Historical Evolution,Regional Impact and China's Counter Strategies

作　　者：申沁雨 Shen Qinyu

机构地区：[1]早稻田大学国际文化交流研究科

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2023年第6期76-87,共12页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：20世纪90年代初,印度提出“东向政策”,旨在搭乘东南亚区域经济发展的快车,寻求新的发展机遇,以此摆脱经济和外交困境。莫迪政府上台后,将“东向政策”升级为“东进政策”,旨在围绕海洋安全和互联互通议题,扩大印度在东南亚地区的海洋影响力,实现“有声有色”的“印度梦”,这是印度海洋战略的域外延伸,并标志着“东向政策”从低位政治领域向着高位政治领域的迈进。“东进政策”以拓展印度的战略空间和实现印度大国梦为目标,以制定海洋安全战略及拓展海洋安全合作为手段,积极拓展印度在东南亚地区的话语权和影响力,以遏制中国在“印太地区”乃至全球蓬勃上升的发展态势。东盟历来奉行“大国平衡”战略,随着域外势力介入,其在遵循“平衡战略”的同时,也提升了印度在其伙伴名单中的亲疏层级。对中国而言亟须采取加强与东盟经贸关系的措施,发挥经济的“压舱石”作用,积极推动南海问题的对话与妥善解决,增强中印共识与战略互信,改善中美关系等,以应对印度“东进政策”产生的影响。ln the early 1990s,India introduced the Look East Policy with the aim of capitalizing on the rapid economic development in Southeast Asia and seeking new opportunities for its own economic growth to break free from its economic struggles.Simultaneously,India aimed to overcome its diplomatic isolation.In 2014,the Modi government further expanded this policy into the Act East Policy.With a focus on maritime security and connectivity,the goal was to enhance India's maritime influence in Southeast Asia and realize the vibrant vision of the Indian Dream.This policy served as an extension of India's maritime strategy beyond its borders and marked the transition from a lower-level political approach to a higher-level political engagement.The elevated political engagement focused on political diplomacy and security issues.Under the transformed"Act East Policy,"India aimed to expand its strategic scope to achieve great power status,formulate maritime security strategies,and enhance maritime security cooperation.India actively sought to increase its discourse power and influence in Southeast Asia,aiming to counter China's rising presence in the Indo-Pacific region and even around the globe.ASEAN has long pursued a strategy of"balancing great powers,"which is closely linked to the historical context of Southeast Asian countries navigating between competing major powers.With the intervention of non-regional forces,AsEAN has also upgraded its engagement level with India in its partnership hierarchywhile sill adhering to the balance strategy.It is urgent to attach great importance and respond to the measures of strengthening economic and trade relations with ASEAN to act as a stabilizer of the economy,actively promoting dialogue and proper resolution of the South China Sea issue,enhancing China-India consensus and strategic mutual trust,and improving China-U.S.relations,etc.

关 键 词：印度 “东进政策” “东向政策” 海洋战略 东盟 中国 

分 类 号：D835.1[政治法律—政治学]