天津雷暴大风天气的环流场及雷达回波特征分析  

Circulation Field and Radar Characteristics of Thunderstorm Gales in Tianjin

作　　者：王艳春 陈宏[2] 尉英华[2] 张庆[2] 张楠 林晓萌[2] WANG Yanchun;CHEN Hong;WEI Yinghua;ZHANG Qing;ZHANG Nan;LIN Xiaomeng(Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology,Tianjin 300074,China;Tianjin Meteorological Observatory,Tianjin 300074,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市海洋气象重点实验室,天津300074 [2]天津市气象台,天津300074

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2023年第6期119-126,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：天津市气象局科研项目(202313ybxm08);福建省灾害天气重点实验室开放课题(2021KFKT05)。

摘　　要：利用加密自动站、闪电定位仪、FNL和多普勒雷达资料对2018—2020年汛期(4—9月)天津地区出现的47次雷暴大风过程的时空分布、天气形势和雷达回波特征进行统计分析。结果表明:(1)天津地区雷暴大风多出现在北部山区和东部沿海,高发月份为6—8月,多出现在傍晚到前半夜,持续时间多为1~4 h;(2)天津地区雷暴大风的天气形势主要有西北气流型、冷涡型、低槽型和西太平洋副热带高压边缘型,其中冷涡型出现频次最高;(3)造成天津地区雷暴大风的对流风暴类型主要有非线状多单体风暴、线状多单体风暴(不包含飑线)、飑线、弓形回波和普通单体风暴,其中飑线数量最多,飑线和弓形回波是造成雷暴大风极端值的主要风暴类型;(4)当最大反射率因子为61 dBZ、强回波中心下降率为260 m·min^(-1)上下时发生雷暴大风的可能性最高;(5)根据低层径向速度大值区,可对15.4%的非线状多单体风暴、14.3%的线状多单体风暴和22.2%的飑线雷暴大风提前30 min发布预警。From 2018 to 2020,thunderstorm gales in Tianjin were documented using AWS,lightning location data,FNL data,and Doppler radar data during the flood season.The results indicated that:(1)The thunderstorm gales in Tianjin mostly occur in the northern mountains and eastern coastal areas from June to August and during the first half of the night.(2)The weather patterns are classified into four types:subtropical high periphery,cold vortex,low trough,and northwest airflow.The cold vortex type is the most common.(3)The convective storms are classified into five types:multicell cluster storm,multicell line storm,squall line,bow echo,and single-cell storm.The squall line and bow echo are the main types that cause extreme values for thunderstorm gales.(4)The possibility of thunderstorm gales is highest when the maximum reflectivity factor is around 61 dBZ,and the falling rate of the strong echo center is around 260 m·min^(-1).(5)By analyzing large value areas of radial velocity at lower levels ahead of time by 30 minutes warning intervals can be provided for approximately 15.4%multicell cluster storms,14.3%multicell line storms as well as 22.2%squall line-induced thunderstorm gales.

关 键 词：雷暴大风 天气形势 风暴类型 雷达回波特征 

分 类 号：P457[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]