激光粉末床熔融Inconel718合金工艺优化与组织演变  

Process optimization and microstructure evolution of Inconel718 alloy by laser powder bed fusion

作　　者：刘阳 徐靖 宁挺 杨洪宇 谭振国 郭世柏[1,2] 王敏卜 LIU Yang;XU Jig;NING Ting;YANG Hongyu;TAN Zhenguo;GUO Shibo;WANG Minbo(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Forming Technology and Damage Resistance Evaluation of High-eficiency Light Ally Components,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;Hunan Xijiao Zhizao Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xiangtan 411100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学机电工程学院,高功效轻合金构件成形技术及耐损伤性能评价湖南省工程研究中心,湖南湘潭411201 [2]湖南西交智造科技有限公司,湖南湘潭411100

出　　处：《中国粉体技术》2024年第1期23-35,共13页China Powder Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,编号:52105334;湖南省重点研发计划项目,编号:2022GK2043;湖南省科技创新计划项目,编号:2021JJ40206,2022J20025,2022RC1134。

摘　　要：【目的】分析能量密度对激光粉末床熔融镍铁基高温合金(Inconel718,IN718)显微组织的主要影响,以期提高激光粉末床熔融IN718的致密度。【方法】采用田口方法和方差分析方法优化激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距,得到高致密合金样品激光功率-扫描速度-扫描间距的关系模型,并对模型得到的结果进行验证。【结果】扫描间距对样品的相对密度影响最大,贡献率为38.31%;在研究范围内,熔池尺寸与体能量密度成正比,Al和Ti元素在晶界处有明显的微观偏析,能促进液膜开裂,从而导致裂纹等缺陷的形成。【结论】设计的模型将有助于建立一种高效的LPBF制备Inconel718合金工艺。Objective Laser powder bed fusion,as a new near-net forming technology,is a common additive manufacturing technology used to manufacture metal parts with flexible design and high resource efficiency.In the LPBF process,the parts are made layer by layer according to the CAD model of the parts.The laser interacts with the powder particles to form a three-dimensional solid structure.After the previous layer is formed,the building platform is lowered according to the thickness of the layer and a new powder layer is added.This process is repeated until the entire component is generated.Laser powder bed fusion technology has opened up a new technical approach for the design and manufacture of high-performance metal parts,which can solve the new challenges in materials,structure,process,performance and application in aerospace and other fields.In the metal additive manufacturing market,laser powder bed fusion occupies a considerable or even close to the dominant position.Due to its main advantages,including high material utilization,short production cycle,and not being limited by the geometry of the target part,etc.,it is widely used in the processing and preparation of alloys.However,the main dificulty of LPBF is that it is easy to produce pores and cracks,resulting in poor forming quality and cannot meet the practical application requirements of industry.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the process parameters of the superalloy to obtain a btter relative density.At present,however,exploring a new material or obtaining the forming process for a certain part requires constant trial and error.Although the results obtained have high reliability,the process of constantly trying will cause a lot of time and resource consumption,which is very unfavorable to the development of materials and industrial applications.In the research process,the dfficulty,efficiency and cost of process optimization should be considered,while the experimental design method and ANOVA can significantly improve the relative density at a low cost.

关 键 词：激光 粉末床熔融 镍铁基高温合金 显微组织 元素偏析 

分 类 号：TG132.32[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB4[金属学及工艺—合金]