BTF-NC复合炸药的静电喷雾法制备及表征  

Preparation and characterization of BTF-NC composite explosive by electrostatic spray method

作　　者：段逸龙 徐宇轩 冀威 沈金朋 DUAN Yilong;XU Yuxuan;JI Wei;SHEN Jinpeng(School of Defense Science and Technology,Sichuan Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学国防科技学院,四川省新型含能材料军民融合协同创新中心,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《中国粉体技术》2024年第1期114-122,共9页China Powder Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,编号:22275150。

摘　　要：【目的】为了解决苯并三氧化呋咱(benzotrioxafurazan,BTF)形貌不规则、易形成热点、机械感度较高的问题,通过对BTF进行降感处理已达到提高BTF的安全性能的目的。【方法】以BTF为主体炸药,硝化棉(nitrocellulose,NC)为黏结剂,采用静电喷雾法制备BTF-NC复合炸药;通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、同步热分析和机械感度仪对BTF-NC复合炸药样品的形貌、结构、热分解性能和机械感度进行分析和测试。【结果】BTF-NC复合炸药的粒径为400~2000 nm,颗粒呈现出球状或类球状;BTF-NC复合炸药中NC与BTF分子发生了键合;与原料BTF相比,BTF-NC复合炸药的热分解表观活化能降低了29.06 kJ/mol,自加速分解温度和热爆炸临界温度分别提高了1.3、4.21 K,失质量分数为89.41%,特性落高从23 cm增大至68.12 cm,爆炸分数由72%减小为24%;原料BTF和BTF-NC复合炸药的吉布斯自由能变均为正值;原料BTF与NC的相容性等级为1级。【结论】采用静电喷雾技术制得的BTF-NC复合炸药的热安定性、机械感度均得到显著改善。Objective In order to address challenges associated with irregular morphology,easy formation of hot spots and high sensitivity of benzotrioxafurazan(BTF),it is necessary to reduce the sensitivity of BTF,which is crucial for improving the safety performance of BTF.Methods BTF-NC composite explosive was prepared by electrostatic spray method employing BTF as the main explosive and nitrocellulose(NC)as the binder.The micro-morphology and structure of BTF-NC composite explosive were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The thermal decomposition performance and mechanical sensitivity of BTF-NC composite explosive were tested by synchronous thermal analysis and mechanical sensitivity instrument.Results and Discussion The raw material BTF exhibits a particle size ranging from 5 um to15 um,characterized by long prismatic and rough surface.The particles of BTF-NC composite explosive are spheroidal or quasi-spherical,with a particle size ranging from 500 nm to 2000 nm.Compared with the two raw materials,the infrared spectrum of BTF-NC composite explosive reveals a certain offset in characteristic peaks,indicating the bonding of NC to BTF.At the temperature ranging from 190℃to 200℃,the Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)curve for the BTF-NC composite explosive exhibits a endothermic peak indicative of melting.Moreover,the thermal decomposition peak temperature increases with the increase of heating rate.At the heating rate is 5,10,20 K/min,BTF-NC composite explosives show the maximum decomposition peak temperature of 261.4,268.3,282.2℃,respectively.Notably,these temperatures are slightly lower than those observed in the raw material BTF.The thermal decomposition process of BTF-NC composite explosive shows the same trend as that of raw material BTF,indicating that the thermal decomposition mechanism of the raw material BTF is not changed by the composite process.Compared with the raw material BTF,the apparent activation energy of BTF-NC composite explosive is redu

关 键 词：苯并三氧化呋咱 硝化棉 复合炸药 静电喷雾法 热分解性能 机械感度 

分 类 号：TB4[一般工业技术] TQ324.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]