适宜耕作模式提高黄淮海平原冬小麦产量并改善土壤水肥状况  

Appropriate tillage regime for the improvement of winter wheat yield,soil water,and nutrients condition in Huanghuaihai Plain of China

作　　者：刘水苗 关小康[1] 刘长硕 王艳丽 吴鹏年 高晨凯 李煜铭 乔毅博 赵志恒 邵京 于昊霖 王同朝[1] LIU Shuimiao;GUAN Xiaokang;LIU Changshuo;WANG Yanli;WU Pengnian;GAO Chenkai;LI Yuming;QIAO Yibo;ZHAO Zhiheng;SHAO Jing;YU Haolin;WANG Tongchao(College of Agronomy,Henan Agriculturral University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第18期82-91,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31601258);国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1700903)。

摘　　要：为了探索黄淮海小麦生产适宜的耕作模式,该研究设计长期定位试验(2017—2022年)对比了简化耕作模式深耕(deep tillage,DT)、轮耕(rotational tillage,RT)和免耕(no-tillage,NT)对冬小麦产量和土壤水肥状况的影响。结果表明:RT处理显著提高了冬小麦苗期0~20 cm土层土壤水分吸收利用情况,冬小麦孕穗期、灌浆期RT处理0~20、>20~40 cm土层土壤含水量显著高于DT、NT处理。RT处理0~20、>20~40 cm土壤全氮、有机质含量和碳氮比含量较DT、NT处理显著提高,2021—2022年0~20 cm土壤全氮、有机质含量、碳氮比RT处理较DT和NT处理分别显著提高40.45%和31.58%、56.66%和45.34%、11.62%和9.91%。2020—2021年和2021—2022年RT处理冬小麦产量较DT、NT处理分别显著提高20.20%、13.39%和20.35%、18.74%。RT处理显著增加了冬小麦千粒质量,其产量变异系数最低,产量可持续指数最高,说明RT处理有助于增加冬小麦生产力稳定性和可持续性,可以实现黄淮海冬小麦高产稳产。研究可为黄淮海平原冬小麦生产应用一年深耕、两年免耕的轮耕耕作模式提供理论指导与技术支撑。Appropriate tillage practice can be beneficial to the water and nutrient supplying in wheat production in Huanghuaihai Plain of China.The long-term deep plough can induce the hardpan,leading to the significant influence on the nutrient cycling and crop yield.No-tillage has been proven an effective tillage practice in the nutrient supply with the low yield.A rotational tillage system incorporated no-tillage and deep tillage can greatly contribute to the wheat production in the yield advancement and nutrient cycling.The long-term field experiment was conducted from 2017 to investigate the deep tillage in consecutive years(DT),rotational tillage with three years cycle for one-year deep tillage and two years no tillage(RT),and no-tillage in consecutive years(NT)on winter wheat yield,soil water and nutrient content in wheat growing season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022.The results showed that the RT treatment significantly improved the soil water consumption in the 0-20 cm soil layer at seeding stage.And the soil water content in 0-20 and below 40 cm soil depth was significantly higher in the RT than in the DT and NT treatment at booting and filling stage.Soil water content of 20-40 cm soil layer in the RT treatment was significantly higher than in the DT and NT for 8.87%,7.85%,11.63%and 20.92%in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 respectively.Soil total nitrogen content,organic matter and C/N ratio was significantly higher in the RT than in DT and NT.In the end of wheat growing season of 2021-2022,soil total nitrogen content of 0-20 cm soil depth was significantly higher in the RT than in the DT and NT for 40.45%and 31.58%respectively,soil organic matter was significantly higher than in the RT than in the DT and NT for 56.66%and 45.34%respectively,and C/N ratio was significantly higher than in RT than in DT and NT for 11.62%and 9.91%respectively,while the soil available potassium content of 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly higher in the NT than in the DT and RT for 17.91%,19.10%,24.32%and 34.00%in the end of wheat growing seaso

关 键 词：养分 氮 肥 耕作方式 冬小麦 产量 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]