黏重黑土条件下马铃薯挖掘铲仿生减阻特性分析与试验  

Analysis and experiment of the bionic drag reduction characteristics of potato digging shovels on clayey black soil conditions

作　　者：李俊伟[1,2] 顾天龙 李祥雨 王兆杰 胡斌 马云海[3,4] LI Junwei;GU Tianlong;LI Xiangyu;WANG Zhaojie;HU Bin;MA Yunhai(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery,Shihezi 832003,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832003,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering,Ministry of Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院/现代农业机械兵团重点实验室,石河子832003 [2]农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室,石河子832003 [3]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130022 [4]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第20期1-9,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52165041,52275288);石河子大学科技计划项目(CXBJ201904)。

摘　　要：针对黏重黑土地区马铃薯挖掘铲挖掘阻力大、能耗高等问题,以白茅根膜质叶鞘为仿生原型,设计了一种基于仿生波纹结构的马铃薯减阻挖掘铲。基于离散元(DEM)法仿真和土槽试验,确定减阻性能最优的设计参数;通过田间试验以油耗和阻力为指标验证仿生挖掘铲的减阻效果和挖掘性能。离散元仿真得到仿生挖掘铲最佳布置方式为纵向布置;在相同纵向布置方式下,通过土槽试验得到仿生挖掘铲的波纹参数在幅值为2.5 mm、频率为0.5时表现出较为优异的减阻性能。根据最佳参数研制仿生纵波纹铲,进行普通平铲和仿生纵波纹铲的作业对比试验,结果表明仿生纵波纹铲阻力减少了14.45%,单位油耗减少了17.15%。研究表明仿生纵波纹铲具有较好的减阻特性,仿生结构设计合理,能实现黏重黑土条件下马铃薯收获挖掘作业,可为整机节能减耗的研究奠定基础。Digging resistance can dominate the energy consumption of potato-digging shovels in clayey black soil areas.In this study,a drag-reducing potato-digging shovel was designed using a bionic ripple structure.Among them,the rhizoma imperatae membranous sheath was taken as a bionic prototype.The optimal parameters were also determined for the drag reduction performance using the discrete element method(DEM)and soil trench test.The drag reduction and digging performance of the bionic digging shovel were then verified by the field test with the indexes of fuel consumption per unit time and drag force.The longitudinal arrangement was optimized for the better performance of the bionic digging shovel.Specifically,the optimal parameters of the bionic digging were A=2.5 mm,ω=0.5 in the soil trench test.The results show that the ripple shovel(y=2.5cos(0.5x))achieved excellent properties of drag reduction at the soil moisture content under the condition of 35%,where the ordinary flat shovel drag reduction rate increased by 12.69%.In the soil moisture content of 65%,the spraying coating viscosity ripple shovel(y=2.5cos(0.5x))still showed excellent properties of drag reduction,whereas the drag reduction rate of ordinary flat shovel increased by 18.27%.A comparison test was carried out between the ordinary flat and the bionic longitudinal ripple shovel.The drag-reduction rate of the bionic longitudinal corrugated shovel increased by 14.45%,and the fuel consumption rate was reduced by 17.15%.Bionic shovels presented better accumulation in the soil on the surface of the shovel rather than that in the shovel in the process of the mining operation.The bionic structure reduced the contact area and time between the soil on the surface of the shovel.The bionic shovel was performed on the short stagnation of the clod time under driving force in the same circumstances.The mining operation time of the shovel body was reduced to realize the energysaving drag reduction in the same trip.The surface tension of the soil was also reduced using

关 键 词：仿生 农业机械 试验 马铃薯挖掘铲 黏重黑土 减黏减阻 

分 类 号：S223[农业科学—农业机械化工程]