畦田自然要素时空变异性及其对灌水质量的影响  

Spatial-temporal variability of natural factors in border fields and its effect on irrigation performance

作　　者：刘凯华 缴锡云[2,4] 李江[2] 郭维华[2] 刘懿 LIU Kaihua;JIAO Xiyun;LI Jiang;GUO Weihua;LIU Yi(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Nanjing Water Planning and Designing Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210000,China;Cooperative Innovation Center for Water Safety and Hydro Science,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [2]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [3]南京市水利规划设计院股份有限公司,南京210000 [4]河海大学水安全与水科学协同创新中心,南京210098

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第20期101-110,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52309048,51879073);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(B220202033);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2022390)。

摘　　要：土壤入渗参数、田面糙率、坡度等自然要素是畦灌方案设计的基础参数,其变异性是导致灌水质量远低于预期的重要原因。为揭示畦田自然要素时空变异特征及其对灌水质量的影响,该研究在11组畦田上开展了4 a畦灌观测试验,通过实测数据全面研究了灌前自然要素的畦内空间变异性、畦间空间变异性和年际时间变异性,并结合WinSRFR地面灌溉模型,模拟分析了自然要素时空变异性对畦灌水流运动过程及灌水质量的影响。结果表明:对畦灌灌水质量影响最大的3个自然要素依次是入渗系数、入渗指数和糙率,三者空间变异系数平均值分别为11.00%、4.05%和7.94%,时间变异系数平均值是分别为26.87%、7.73%和21.86%。畦田自然要素变差导致灌水质量整体下降,自然要素的时间变异性对灌水质量的影响大于其空间变异性的影响。入渗参数和糙率的变异性对畦田后半段的水流消退过程影响较大,忽视其年际时间变异性会加大畦尾积水风险。该研究结果可为畦灌方案设计提供指导,为精细地面灌溉发展提供科学依据。Natural factors have been the most important parameters in the border irrigation design,such as infiltration coefficient(k),infiltration index(α),roughness(n),and slope(s0).The irrigation performance is significantly influenced by the variability of these factors.In this study,a four-year border irrigation experiment was conducted on 11 sets of border fields,in order to reveal the spatial-temporal variability of natural factors and their impact on irrigation performance.The measured data was collected to analyze the spatial variation in the natural factors between and within the borders,as well as the interannual temporal variability of natural factors during the irrigation period.WinSRFR model was combined to simulate the impact of spatial-temporal variation in the natural factors on the flow process and irrigation performance of border irrigation.The results showed that:1)The average spatial variation coefficients of k,α,s0,and n of the borders were 11.00%,4.05%,10.28%,and 7.94%,respectively,while the average temporal variation coefficients were 26.87%,7.73%,4.70%,and 21.86%,respectively.Three natural factors presented the greatest impact on the irrigation performance:k,α,and n,all of which were greater temporal variability than spatial one.2)Natural factors(k,α,and n)shared a greater impact on the flow recession process than those on the flow advance process.The natural factors presented a small impact on the flow recession time in the first half of the border,but there was a great impact on the second half of the border during the recession.Particularly,a significant impact was found at the end of the border.Therefore,the spatial-temporal variability of natural factors(k,α,and n)increased the risk of waterlogging at the end of the border.3)The average spatial variation coefficients of k,α,and s0 within the border were 15.98%,7.83%,and 45.73%,respectively.There was a greater spatial variability of natural factors within the border,compared with the between borders.The variability of natural factors withi

关 键 词：灌溉 土壤 入渗参数 糙率 坡度 时空变异 水流推进消退过程 灌水质量 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程]