敦煌藏文写卷中的“gtsug lak”一词的语义及其相关问题研究  

A Study on the Semantics and Related Issues of the Tibetan Word Gtsug Lag in Dunhuang Tibetan Manuscripts

作　　者：多杰吉 英青加 Rdo Rje Skyid;Yum Chen Skyabs(Department of Chinese Language and Literature in Northwest University for Nationalities,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学中国语言文学学部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报（藏文版）》2023年第3期138-151,共14页Journal of qinghai minzu University：Tibetan Version

摘　　要：gtsug lak一词是敦煌古藏文文献中有关藏族历史和宗教、民俗文化等一些写卷中常出现的一个重要术语,并在不同类型的文献有着不同的语义和构词结构、语用功能。国内外就gtsug lak一词语义进行分析研究的相关文章为数不少,但gtsug lak一词语义较为复杂,其含义虽迭经不少前辈学者讨论,仍无一定论,至今有待商榷。本文基于部分敦煌古藏文文献和吐蕃碑铭文献,佛教和苯教《甘珠尔》中的部分经卷,并通过分析gtsug lak一词的构词结构、语用功能、语境等,探讨gtsug lak一词的渊源、语义及其演变,认为gtsug lak围绕“drang srong(仙人)”一词,即源于仙人的占卜、仙人的行为、仙人的经典或文化,引申出“占卜”“行为或者良好的行为”“经典或文化”等三个语义,并在此基础上逐渐产生书籍、理论、学科等诸多义项。总体上,在敦煌藏文大部分占卜类写卷中gtsug lak意为“占卜”,历史和民俗类文献中应解读为“行为或良好的行为”,而佛教文献中为“经典或文化”之意。The word Gtsug Lag is an important term that often appears in some manuscripts about Tibetan history,religion and folk culture in Dunhuang Tibetan manuscripts.There are also many related articles on the semantic research of this word.However,the semantic meaning of Gtsug Lag is relatively complex,and there is still no recognized and complete conclusion.Based on Dunhuang ancient Tibetan literature and inscription literature,as well as Tibetan Buddhist Kanjur and some scriptures of Bon Kanjur,this paper has explored the semantics and evolution of the term Gtsug Lag.It also discusses the application of the word Gtsug Lag in specific literature,which can further clarify the etymology and semantic evolution of this word and the interpretation of some literatures related to Gtsug Lag.It has significant value in correcting some errors and missing meanings of the word Gtsug Lag in ancient Tibetan dictionaries.

关 键 词：敦煌藏文写卷 gtsug lak drang srong 语义 

分 类 号：H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]