杂交稻精密条播育秧底土开沟装置设计与试验  

Furrow opener for the precision drilling nursing seedlings of hybrid rice

作　　者：马旭[1] 陈炯涛 李泽华[2,3] 王曦成 谭穗妍 曾红 MA Xu;CHEN Jiongtao;LI Zehua;WANG Xicheng;TAN Suiyan;ZENG Hong(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Mathematics and Informatics,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Tropical South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Electronic Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学数学与信息学院,广州510642 [3]农业农村部华南热带智慧农业技术重点实验室,广州510642 [4]华南农业大学电子工程学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第19期1-14,共14页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52175226);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0202130001);广东省科技厅课题(KTP20210196)。

摘　　要：为解决杂交稻精密条播育秧种子成条性和均匀性不足导致秧苗素质差和栽插均匀合格率低等问题,该研究基于滚压开沟原理设计了一种杂交稻精密条播育秧底土开沟装置,利用压辊在秧盘底土上压制出种沟,并开展耦合栽插对比试验。阐述了底土开沟装置主要结构与工作原理,开展了压辊、载荷调节机构、秧盘和育秧土之间的动力学分析以及土壤下陷量标定试验,对开沟装置关键部件结构及其参数进行设计与优化;采用Box-Behnken试验方法进行离散元仿真试验,应用多目标优化方法对压辊关键参数进行优化,并通过验证试验,得到最优参数组合为:压辊直径100 mm,V型齿角度45°、种沟深度9 mm,此时开沟条播的均匀合格率为85.68%,成条合格率为87.18%,与优化结果基本一致。田间生产试验表明,与不开沟条播相比,开沟条播的均匀合格率和成条合格率分别平均提高5.78和17.17个百分点,最高均匀合格率和成条合格率分别为86.80%和87.60%;开沟条播能明显提高秧苗的整齐一致性;耦合栽插时,开沟条播比不开沟的漏插率平均减少1.95个百分点,1~3株/穴的比例平均提高7.14个百分点,根系损伤率平均降低2.27个百分点;50、70和90 g/盘播量下开沟条播比不开沟条播理论产量分别增加234.90、245.55和57.15 kg/hm^(2),增产比例为3.12%、3.53%和0.80%,实际产量比相同播种密度下不开沟条播分别增加381.60、365.85和180.15 kg/hm^(2),增产比例为5.00%、5.33%和2.52%。研究结果表明该开沟装置的作业性能良好,开沟条播育秧能有效提升精密条播育秧与精准耦合栽插的技术水平,可为杂交稻精密条播育秧装备的研发提供参考。In-field hybrid rice nursing seedling,because of the low sowing rates,the existence of insufficient seed strip forming and seed uniformity in trays cause the problem of poor seedling quality and low planting uniformity.To solve the problem,this study presents a furrow opener with press roller for precision drill nursing seedling of hybrid rice.Based on the principle of rolling trenching and analysis of the interaction law between the rollers and subsoil of the seedling tray,ideal seed trenches suitable for hybrid rice precision seedling seeding was constructed.Coupled transplanting experiment was conducted to test the ditching effect.The specific structure and working principle of the furrow opener with press roller are described.The kinetics analysis among the press roller,load adjusting mechanism,seedling tray and subsoil,as well as the soil subsidence calibration test were conducted.The structure and parameters of the key components of furrow opener with press roller are designed and optimized.Discrete element simulation test and the Box-Behnken test method are conducted,the key parameters of the press roller was optimized using multi-objective optimization.Then,verification test is conducted to obtain the key parameters of the press roller with 100 mm of the diameter of the press roller,45°of the V-shaped tooth angle,and 9mm of the ditch depth.Meanwhile,the verification tests show that the uniform qualified rate was 85.68%and strip forming qualified rate was 87.18%,which is consistent with the optimization results.The field experiments showed that compared with no-ditching drill sowing,the uniform qualified rate and the strip forming qualified rate of the ditching drill sowing increased by 5.78%and 17.17%,respectively.The highest uniform qualified rate and strip forming qualified rate achieved 86.80%and 87.60%,respectively.According to the coefficient of variation of seedling quality,the consistency of seedlings was significantly improved.In-field rice mechanized transplanting,the missing plant rate of the d

关 键 词：离散元 仿真 试验 杂交稻 育秧 精密条播 

分 类 号：S223.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]