正犯后正犯论:基本描述、新的分类与本土立场  

On Theory of Principal Offender Behind Principal Offender:Basic Description,New Classification and China's Stance

作　　者：马荣春 马光远 MA Rong-chun;MA Guang-yuan(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;Law School,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106 [2]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《井冈山大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期109-119,共11页Journal of Jinggangshan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“刑法中财产损失的真实性评价体系研究”(项目编号:22CFX072)。

摘　　要：正犯后正犯论是源于德国的一种共犯论。正犯后正犯论是以“行为控制(支配)论”为核心论据,其体现的是关于正犯的实质客观说,且其价值实质可切入因果性理论予以阐明。正犯后正犯不仅以间接正犯论为理论归属,而且赋予间接正犯以更加“纯正”的含义。除了国外学者已经作出的分类,即“通过强制达成的意思支配”“通过错误达成的意思支配”和“通过权力组织的支配”,正犯后正犯还从作用方式、主体数量、共犯关系形成时间、共犯关系结构、共犯关系性状和共犯关系重合度来作出新的分类。由于中国的刑法立法和刑法司法能够解决正犯后正犯论所欲解决的问题,没有必要引入正犯后正犯论以徒增理论与实践的混乱。但正犯后正犯论的“实质化思考”值得借鉴。The theory of principal offender behind principal offender is a complicity theory originated from Germany.Putting the"theory of behavior control(domination)"as the core argument,the principal offender behind principal offender theory reflects the substantive objectivity of the principal offender,and its value can be reflected by causality theory.The principal offender behind principal offender theory not only takes the indirect perpetrator theory as the theoretical basis,but also gives it ore straight forward meanings.In addition to the classifications that foreign scholars have already made,namely,"domination through coercion","domination through erroneous will"and"domination through power organization",the principal offender behind principal offender also makes new classifications according to the mode of action,the number of subjects,the formation time the structure,the characteristic and the contact ratio of complicity reunification.Since the current China's criminal law legislation and justice can solve the problems that the theory of principal offender behind principal offender intends to solve,it is unnecessary to introduce the theory to increase the confusion between theory and practice,however,the"substantive thinking"of the theory is worth of reference.

关 键 词：正犯后正犯 间接正犯 行为控制 犯罪支配 单一正犯体系 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]