废旧锂离子电池正极材料中有价金属离子分离回收技术的研究现状  

Status of technological research on the separation and recovery of valuable metal ions in cathode materials from spent lithium-ion battery

作　　者：王露 冯天意 崔鹏媛 沈庆峰[1] 林艳[1] 俞小花[1] WANG Lu;FENG Tianyi;CUI Pengyuan;SHEN Qingfeng;LIN Yan;YU Xiaohua(Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《有色金属科学与工程》2023年第6期791-801,共11页Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1907900);云南省人才计划资助项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-327);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1907901)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池由于具有能量密度高的优点而被广泛应用于通讯、新能源、电动汽车等领域,但随着使用时间的增加,电池容量衰减,影响锂离子电池的使用寿命。因此,回收再利用锂离子电池以实现可持续能源存储已迫在眉睫。本文综述了回收废旧锂离子电池多元体系正极材料和磷酸铁锂正极材料分离提纯有价金属离子的技术方法,并从经济性、环保性、效率性、操作复杂性等方面对所用试剂进行比较,对比各方法的优点和不足。此外,对现阶段最新技术进行总结,并展望了废旧锂离子电池回收技术的未来发展走向。Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in communications,new energy sources,and electric vehicles due to their high energy density.However,the decay of battery capacity will lead to lithium-ion batteries reaching end-of-life after a few years’usage.Therefore,recycling lithium-ion batteries for sustainable energy storage is imminent.In this paper,we reviewed the technical methods for separating and purifying the valuable metal ions from the cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries,including multicomponent system and lithium iron phosphate cathode materials.This paper also compared the reagents used in terms of economy,environmental protection,efficiency,and operational complexity to examine the advantages and shortcomings of each method.In addition,the latest technology at this stage was summarized and the future development of spent lithium-ion battery recycling technology was expected to maximize its resource utilization.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 回收 溶剂萃取法 化学沉淀法 电化学沉积法 

分 类 号：TG115.3[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]