自走式烟叶采摘机采摘机构的设计与试验  

Design and Experimental Research on Picking Mechanism of Self-propelled Tobacco Leaf Picking Machine

作　　者：马四杰 朱晨辉[1] 张超超 冉云亮 李保谦[1] 王万章[1] Ma Sijie;Zhu Chenhui;Zhang Chaochao;Ran Yunliang;Li Baoqian;Wang Wanzhang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Agricultural Pioneer Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学机电工程学院,郑州450002 [2]河南农先锋科技股份有限公司,郑州450002

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第3期120-127,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(222102110457)。

摘　　要：烟叶采摘机一直受到烟叶破损率高问题的掣肘,从而影响烟农的经济效益,如何降低烟叶的破损率是目前烟叶采摘车的发展方向。为此,结合以前的烟叶采摘车,设计一种烟叶采摘机构,旨在降低烟叶的破损率,提高烟农的经济效益。所设计的采摘机构由采摘刀、传送辊、隔叶板及导流板等组成,采摘刀和传送辊均由橡胶材料制成,传送辊由橡胶辊和光轴组成,隔叶板和导流板均由钢板制作而成。通过对采摘刀和传送辊进行力学分析,得到了烟株不被采摘刀蹭倒和烟叶在传送辊不打滑的临界条件,为降低烟叶的破损率提供了理论依据。三因素(采摘刀的转速、采摘车的行驶速度、烟株的株距)正交旋转试验表明:采摘刀的转速为240~260r/min、采摘车的行驶速度为1.38~1.42km/h、株距为570~590mm时,烟叶的破损率符合大纲要求。试验结果表明:影响烟叶破损率因素的主次顺序为采摘刀的转速>采摘车的行驶速度>烟株的株距,在烟株的株距为579mm、采摘刀的转速为246r/min、烟叶采摘车的行驶速度为1.4km/h时,烟叶的破损率为9.36%,达到了预期要求。Tobacco leaf picking machines have always been constrained by the problem of high damage rate of tobacco leaves,thus affecting the economic benefits of tobacco farmers.How to reduce the damage rate of tobacco leaves is the current development direction of tobacco leaf picking vehicles.Therefore,combined with the previous tobacco leaf picking vehicle,a tobacco leaf picking mechanism is designed,which aims to reduce the damage rate of tobacco leaves and improve the economic benefits of tobacco farmers.The designed picking mechanism is composed of picking knives,conveying rollers,baffles,deflectors,etc.The picking knives and conveying rollers are made of rubber materials,and the conveying rollers are composed of rubber rollers and shafts.The plates are made of steel plates.Through the mechanical analysis of the picking knife and the transfer roller,the critical conditions for the tobacco plant not to be knocked down by the picking knife and the tobacco leaf not to slip on the transfer roller were obtained,which provided a theoretical basis for reducing the damage rate of tobacco leaves.The orthogonal rotation test of three factors(the speed of the picking knife,the driving speed of the picking car,and the spacing of the tobacco plants)shows that the speed of the picking knife is within 240-260r/min,and the driving speed of the picking car is 1.38-1.42km/h.When the plant spacing is 570-590mm,the damage rate of tobacco leaves meets the outline requirements.The test results show that the primary and secondary order of factors affecting the damage rate of tobacco leaves is the rotation speed of the picking knife>the driving speed of the picking vehicle>the spacing of the tobacco plants.When the driving speed of the picking truck was 1.4km/h,the damage rate of tobacco leaves was 9.36%,which met the expected requirements.

关 键 词：烟叶采摘车 烟叶采摘机构 采摘刀 传送辊 破损率 烟叶 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.3[农业科学—农业工程]