花生小区播种施肥机设计与试验研究  

Design and Experimental Research on Seeding and Fertilizer Applicator in Peanut Plots

作　　者：张春晓 王东伟[1] 刘艳芬[1] 何晓宁[1] 李永超 张远东 李云康 李冬杰 左百强 Zhang Chunxiao;Wang Dongwei;Liu Yanfen;He Xiaoning;Li Yongchao;Zhang Yuandong;Li Yunkang;LI Dongjie;Zuo Baiqiang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第4期99-105,113,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-13);山东省花生产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-04-09);山东省重点研发计划项目(2021CXGC010813)。

摘　　要：我国花生育种小区机械化程度低,播种收获等关键环节仍以人工作业为主,劳动强度大,效率低,且易出现混种问题。为此,结合我国花生育种小区种植的农艺要求,设计了多功能花生小区播种施肥机,适宜垄作覆膜的种植模式。其在传统窝眼轮式排种器上加设净种装置,能够清除窝眼轮内剩余的种子,保证了育种小区试验的科学性;创新设计了起垄装置与覆膜装置,能够一次性完成开沟、施肥、起垄、播种及覆膜等多项作业,提高了播种机的效率。试验结果表明:机具作业后花生双粒率为99.16%,漏播率为0.6%,穴距偏差率为12.03%,重播率为0.91%,种子覆土深度合格率为90.32%,排种器清种率为100%,种子出苗率为80.90%,作业质量符合我国花生小区种植的农艺要求。该播种机的使用,提高了花生育种小区种植作业效率,为小区后续作业实施机械化提供了便利,可为育种小区机械的研发提供参考。In China,the degree of mechanization of peanut breeding plots is low,and the key links such as sowing and harvesting are still dominated by manual operations,with high labor intensity and low efficiency,and the problem of mixed seed is easy to occur.To solve these problems,combining with the agronomic requirements of peanut breeding area planted in our country,to design a new multifunctional peanut plot seeding machinery,the machine is suitable for the effect of planting mode,set up in traditional socket eye wheel on a device net device,can remove the rest of the seed in den eyes round,guarantees the breeding plot experiment is scientific.Innovative design of ridging device and film mulching device,can be a one-time ditching,fertilization,ridging,sowing,film mulching and other work,improve the operation efficiency of the drill.The results showed that the double seed rate of peanut was 99.16%,the missed seeding rate was 0.6%,the deviation rate of hole distance was 12.03%,the replay rate was 0.91%,the qualified rate of seed covering depth was 90.32%,the seed cleaning rate was 100%and the seed emergence rate was 80.90%.The working quality met the agronomic requirements of peanut plot planting in China.The use of the seeder improved the planting efficiency of peanut breeding plots,provided convenience for the follow-up operation of the plots to implement mechanization,and provided reference for the research and development of breeding plots machinery.

关 键 词：花生 育种小区 播种 施肥 起垄 覆膜 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程]