毛白杨耐寒种质资源遗传鉴定及评价  

Genetic identification and evaluation of cold-resistant germplasm resources in Populus tomentosa

作　　者：杜康 王加焕 李俊恒 李超 张平冬[1] 康向阳[1] Du Kang;Wang Jiahuan;Li Junheng;Li Chao;Zhang Pingdong;Kang Xiangyang(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation,School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Jinsha Park Affairs Center,Shuocheng District,Shuozhou 036000,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,林木育种与生态修复国家工程研究中心,北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]山西省朔州市朔城区金沙公园事务中心,山西朔州036000

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2023年第12期59-67,共9页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2200105)。

摘　　要：【目的】鉴定山西省朔州市保存的毛白杨种质资源,与山东省冠县保存的毛白杨种质资源的群体遗传结构和遗传多样性进行对比分析,并对朔州市现存毛白杨种质资源进行耐寒性评价。【方法】以山西省朔州市种质资源库现存370株毛白杨,以及山东省冠县保存的441个毛白杨无性系为对象,采用SSR分子标记开展毛白杨种质资源鉴定、群体遗传结构和遗传多样性分析,基于生长和冻害表型进行评价。【结果】利用13对引物将山西省朔州市种质资源库370株毛白杨分为183个无性系,共检测出等位变异位点67个,平均1个位点存在5个等位基因变异,位点的多态性信息变异幅度在0.306~0.735之间。与山东省冠县保存的毛白杨种质资源库指纹图谱进行对比,发现两地现存的毛白杨并无重复基因型,但遗传多样性差异并不显著。两地保存的624个毛白杨无性系可分为7个类群,通过耐寒性评价将朔州市现存183个无性系划分为5级,其中Ⅰ级的耐寒无性系47个,具有较高的树高和材积生长量。【结论】自然选择使毛白杨南北种质资源库淘汰了偏离保存地环境的部分种质,而保留了适合保存地环境的种质资源,导致两地现存种质资源群体遗传结构差异较大,说明林木种质资源分区域收集、保存和利用的必要性。而山西省朔州市种质资源库内现存雌性无性系是珍贵的耐寒育种资源,对于毛白杨北方适生育种群体构建和高轮次遗传改良具有重要的价值。[Objective]This paper identifies the resources of Populus tomentosa in Shuozhou City,Shanxi Province of northern China,compares and analyzes the genetic structure and genetic diversity differences of the populations of poplar in Guanxian County,Shandong Province of eastern China,and evaluates the cold resistance of the existing poplar in Shuozhou City.[Method]Using 370 individuals in Shuozhou City and 441 clones in Guanxian County,SSR molecular markers were used to carry out the identification of poplar resources,population genetic structure and genetic diversity analysis,and to evaluate the growth index and low temperature tolerance.[Result]Using 13 pairs of primers,370 individuals of P.tomentosa were divided into 183 clones.A total of 67 allelic variations were detected,with an average of 5 allelic variations per locus,and the polymorphism information content ranged from 0.306 to 0.735.Compared with the Guanxian County Germplasm Resource Bank in Shandong Province,it was found that the same clone resources were not preserved during the ex-situ preservation of P.tomentosa.The difference in genetic diversity was not significant.The 624 clones preserved in the two sites can be divided into seven clusters.The 183 extant clones in Shuozhou City were classified into five classes by cold tolerance evaluation,including 47 cold hardy clones in classⅠ,and the cold hardy poplars also had higher tree height and wood volume growth.[Conclusion]Natural selection has caused the north and south germplasm repository of P.tomentosa to eliminate part of the germplasm that deviates from the environment of the preservation site,and to retain the germplasm resources that are suitable for the environment of the preservation site.The genetic structure of two populations differs considerably,indicating the need to collect,conserve and use forest germplasm resources in different regions.The existing female asexual lines in the germplasm repository of Shuozhou City,Shanxi Province,are valuable cold-tolerant breeding resources,which are o

关 键 词：毛白杨 种质鉴定 遗传多样性 群体遗传结构 耐寒性 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]