活动构造研究的关键环节与发展趋势  

Critical links and development trends of research on active tectonics

作　　者：袁道阳 王有林[2] 李树武[2] 王万合 李林元 邹小波 文亚猛 YUAN Daoyang;WANG Youlin;LI Shuwu;WANG Wanhe;LI Linyuan;ZOU Xiaobo;WEN Yameng(School of Earth Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Power China,Xi’an 710065,China;CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China;Gansu Earthquake Agency,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710065 [3]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710077 [4]甘肃省地震局,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2023年第12期17-28,共12页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司平台支撑项目(XBY-PTKJ-2022-5);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk1305)。

摘　　要：在简要介绍中国活动构造基本特征的基础上,分析了21世纪以来中国大陆7级以上大地震活动出现的2个新特点:一是大地震主要沿青藏地块区的巴颜喀拉活动地块边界断裂带丛集发生;二是在活动盆地内部或盆山交界地带发生了多次逆断裂–褶皱型地震。面对新的地震活动特点以及工程建设和社会公众对防灾减灾的新需求,分析了活动构造研究中的一些关键环节或研究薄弱领域,探讨了进一步加强相关研究的发展方向和技术途径。一是要注重活动构造研究自身的理论提升与应用实践,包括活动断裂几何学的精细研究,注重断裂活动习性与破裂分段性相结合的运动学研究,切实加强古地震探槽和断错微地貌的互补性研究,更为重要的是应切实加强活动构造研究与构造地貌、地球物理勘探、地壳形变、地震学等相关学科的交叉融合与应用实践。二是强化区域活动构造研究与大震丛集迁移规律和动力学机制的认识,提升对活动块体及其边界断裂带强震构造活动的整体认识。认真梳理和分析我国各活动地块区发生丛集地震各自的孕震构造环境和发震机制,综合历史地震和古地震详细研究结果,识别可能存在地震丛集活动的活动构造带或地震构造区,为巴颜喀拉活动块体大地震主体活动区结束之后可能的迁移地区将面对的大震灾害风险做好科技支撑。三是关注逆断裂–褶皱型地震构造研究等薄弱环节。除采用传统的活动构造研究技术之外,应结合构造地貌学开展地表地貌变形特征研究,以及开展深部地震构造探测和地震学研究等,以获取其深部结构构造特征,综合分析其深浅构造关系、构建变形模式和讨论发震机制等。重点关注上述关键技术环节和未来发展趋势,为活动构造深入研究和防灾减灾提供参考依据。Following a brief introduction of the general characteristics of active tectonics in China,this study analyzed two new features of large earthquakes with Ms≥7 that have struck continental China since the beginning of the 21st century:(1)Large earthquakes occur primarily in clusters along the boundary fault zone of the Bayanhar active tectonic block−part of the Qinghai-Tibet ateau active tectonic block.(2)Reverse fault-fold earthquakes have occurred multiple times within active basins or at basin-mountain boundaries.In response to the new seismic activity features and the new demand for disaster prevention and mitigation of engineering construction and the public,this study delved into the crit-ical links or understudied aspects of research on active tectonics and explored the development trends and technical approaches for further strengthening related studies.First,research on active tectonics should highlight theoretical advancements and applications,including fine-scale research on the geometry of active faults.Furthermore,it is necessary to focus on the kinematics of active faults by combining their activity behavior with rupture segmentation and practically enhance the complementary study of paleoseismic trenches and offset microgeomorphic features.Most importantly,we should practically enhance the cross-disciplinary integration and applications of research on active tectonics with disciplines such as tectonic geomorphology,geophysical prospecting,crustal deformation,and seismology.Second,it is necessary to enhance research on regional active tectonics and the understanding of the seismic cluster migration patterns and dynamic mechanisms of large earthquakes.The purpose is to elevate a holistic comprehension of large earthquake-related tectonic activity within active tectonic blocks and their boundary fault zones.To this end,we should organize and analyze the seismogenic structural environments and mechanisms of cluster earthquakes in active tectonic blocks across China.Furthermore,we should identify pot

关 键 词：活动构造 逆断裂–褶皱型地震 地震灾害 关键环节 发展趋势 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]