洞庭湖区史前聚落规模及聚落群时空演变  

Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Prehistoric Settlement Sizes and Clusters in the Dongting Lake Area

作　　者：杜心宇 龚维 胡希军 金晓玲[1,2,3] 赵思文 罗紫薇[1,2,3] DU Xinyu;GONG Wei;HU Xijun;JIN Xiaoling;ZHAO Siwen;LUO Ziwei(College of Landscape Architecture,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Protected Areas Landscape Resources,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学风景园林学院,长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学湖南省自然保护地风景资源大数据工程技术研究中心,长沙410004 [3]中南林业科技大学城乡景观生态研究所,长沙410004

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2023年第6期143-149,共7页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：湖南省高等学校“双一流”学科(风景园林学)建设项目(湘教通〔2018〕469号);国家林业和草原局重点学科(风景园林学)建设项目(林人发〔2016〕21号)。

摘　　要：以洞庭湖区史前聚落遗址为研究对象,运用ArcGIS空间分析、位序-规模法则和聚类分析方法对洞庭湖区史前聚落遗址规模及聚落群时空演变进行研究。结果表明:(1)各时期以中小型和大型规模聚落为主,不同规模类型聚落随时间推移不断增长,特大型聚落多具有城址的性质,且逐步演变为区域中心,各规模类型聚落向南迁移趋势明显;(2)随着人口总量不断增加,平均生存面积减少,生存压力增大,新石器中晚期聚落之间分布的均衡性逐渐下降;(3)古人倾向于生活在澧水区域和洞庭湖区域,大型城址主要分布在主体聚落群内,聚落群总体由西向东再向南迁移,演变方向呈倒“L”型,澧水区域的聚落群在各时期得到了继承和演变,而其他区域的聚落群在大溪至石家河文化时期得到了继承和发展。Taking the prehistoric settlement sites in Dongting Lake area as the research object,ArcGIS spatial analysis,rank-scale method and DBSCAN clustering analysis were used to study the scale and spatial-temporal evolution of the prehistoric settlement sites in Dongting Lake area.The results show that:(1)In each period,small and medium scale settlements and large scale settlements were the main ones,and the settlements of different size types increased with time.The super-large settlements mostly had the nature of city sites and gradually evolved into regional centers,and the southward migration trend of settlements of all size types was obvious.(2)As the total population continued to increase,the average subsistence area decreased,and the pressure for survival increased,the equilibrium of distribution among the Middle and Late Neolithic settlements gradually declined;(3)The ancient people tend to live in Lishui River and the Dongting Lake area,a large town settlements are mainly distributed in subject group,the settlement of the overall transfer from west to east and south,the evolution direction of the inverted“L”type,Lishui River area of settlement group got the inheritance and evolution in different periods of time,and the settlement groups in other areas were inherited and developed during the period from Daxi to Shijiahe Culture.

关 键 词：史前聚落规模 聚落群 聚类分析 时空演变 洞庭湖区 

分 类 号：K901.8[历史地理—人文地理学]