非药物性干预策略在运动诱发性支气管痉挛防治中的应用进展  

Application Progress of Non-pharmacologic Intervention Strategies in Prevention and Treatment of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction

作　　者：刘猛 赵杰修[3] 高炳宏 LIU Meng;ZHAO Jiexiu;GAO Binghong(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Chongqing Institute of Sport Science,Chongqing 400016,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育大学,上海200438 [2]重庆市体育科学研究所,重庆400016 [3]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第10期30-41,共12页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室资助项目(17DZ2273100);国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室项目。

摘　　要：通过梳理国内外相关文献报道,对自我防护措施、营养膳食干预及运动环境调整等三大类运动诱发性支气管痉挛(exercise-induced bronchoconstriction,EIB)非药物性干预策略进行了整理、分析与归纳。结果表明,剧烈运动前进行适应性热身活动(高强度间歇或递增负荷运动等),运动中佩戴热湿交换防护面罩,运动后进行针对性的呼吸节奏练习,可有效降低运动员的EIB发病风险。在目前现有的营养膳食干预措施中,橘皮素、Omega-3脂肪酸及咖啡因等,均被证实可有效改善EIB运动员的多项肺通气功能指标,并使部分EIB阳性运动员转为阴性。在采用上述策略的同时,减少寒冷环境暴露,降低游泳馆池水和空气中氯化物的含量,尽量远离户外空气污染源等,也是降低运动员EIB发病风险的有效手段。建议深入探讨和分析不同专项特征、运动环境及膳食习惯运动员的EIB发病特点,并为其针对性地选择和使用非药物性干预策略,提供科学合理的建议。Based on the domestic and international relevant literatures,this study sorted out and analyzed the three major non-pharmacological intervention strategies for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB),including self-protective measures,nutritional intervention and exercise environment improvement.The results showed that the risk of EIB could be effectively reduced by performing warm-ups(high-intensity intermittent or submaximal graded exercise,etc.)before strenuous exercise,wearing a heat and moisture exchange mask during exercise and carrying out specific breathing rhythm practice after exercise.Among the existing nutritional interventions,tangeretin,omega-3 fatty acids and caffeine had been proven to effectively improve multiple indicators of pulmonary ventilation function in EIB-positive athletes and convert some EIB-positive athletes to negative.In addition to the above strategies,avoiding exposure to cold environment,reducing chloride in pool water and air,and keeping away from outdoor air pollutants were also effective means to reduce the risk of EIB in athletes.It was suggested to deeply explore and analyze the characteristics of EIB in athletes with different sport-specific characteristics,sports environment and dietary habits,and to provide scientific and reasonable recommendations for athletes’selection and use of non-pharmacological intervention strategies.

关 键 词：非药物性干预 运动诱发性支气管痉挛 热身活动 防护面罩 橘皮素 运动环境 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]