中-晚全新世姚江河谷平原古文化遗址分布变化及动因的GIS分析  

GIS analysis on the distribution and causes of ancient cultural sites in the middle to late Holocene Yaojiang River valley plain

作　　者：林芳由 王张华[2] 宓欣芸 苗炳迪 雷少 李冬玲[1,4] 沙龙滨 徐皓[1,5] LIN Fangyou;WANG Zhanghua;MI Xinyun;MIAO Bingdi;LEI Shao;LI Dongling;SHA Longbin;XU Hao(Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques,Ningbo University,Zhejiang Ningbo 315211,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Ningbo Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Zhejiang Ningbo 315000,China;Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research,Zhejiang Ningbo 315000,China;Donghai Academy,Ningbo University,Zhejiang Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系,浙江宁波315211 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241 [3]宁波市文物考古研究所,浙江宁波315000 [4]浙江省陆海国土空间利用与治理协同创新中心,浙江宁波315211 [5]浙江新型重点专业智库宁波大学东海研究院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《上海国土资源》2023年第4期43-53,共11页Shanghai Land & Resources

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C03141),浙江省属高校基本科研业务项目(SJLY2020004)。

摘　　要：姚江河谷平原是河姆渡文化的发源地,文明演进历史悠久。此地区在全新世期间经历了复杂的环境演变,是研究人类如何适应环境变迁的理想区域。本研究收集了63处姚江河谷平原新石器时代与商周的人类遗址的地理位置、文化分期、遗址面积、文化层厚度、遗迹和遗物等信息,使用ArcGIS软件对其进行继承性、与山地距离、核密度和规模等属性的地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析,得到以下主要认识:(1)河姆渡文化一、二期遗址较少且继承性较高,叠置系数为0.83。河姆渡文化三、四期,遗址数量显著增加,但继承性相对降低,叠置系数降至0.73。良渚文化与商周遗址数量与继承性均呈现下降趋势,叠置系数降至0.43。上述结果反映了从河姆渡文化三期到四期、河姆渡文化四期到良渚文化以及良渚文化到商周这三个时间节点,发生了重要的环境和人群组成变化。(2)在空间分布上,遗址最早出现于平原中部并于河姆渡文化二期与四期先后向东部与西部扩散,直至占据整片姚江河谷平原;遗址普遍距山地不超过1500 m,且只在河姆渡文化四期与商周明显向平原低地扩散,反映这两个时间段姚江河谷平原陆地资源比较丰富,指示了比较广泛的海退。(3)从河姆渡文化一期到商周,姚江河谷平原经历了从残余古海湾到被充填的过程,同时还伴随古姚江的形成、变迁以及海岸线附近与平原内部的地势倒转。As the birthplace of Hemudu Culture,the Yaojiang Valley has a long history of civilization evolution.During Holocene,a dramatic environmental evolution took place in this area,making it an ideal sample for studying how humans adapt to environmental changes.In this study,we collect 63 archaeological sites of Neolithic Age and Shang-Zhou dynasties,together with their information such as geographical position,cultural periodization,size,cultural layer thickness,archeological relics and remains.ArcGIS software was used to analysis their inheritance,distance from mountains,nuclear density and scale.The results are as follows.First,during the first and second phases of Hemudu culture,the number of sites was small and the inheritance was high,with an overlapping coefficient of 0.83.The number of sites increased significantly in the third and fourth phases of Hemudu culture while the inheritance reduced relatively with an overlapping coefficient of 0.73.During Liangzhu Culture and Shang-Zhou dynasties,the number and inheritance of sites both showed a downward trend.The overlapping coefficient dropped to 0.43.This shows that significant changes in the environment and population composition occurred from the third to the fourth phase of Hemudu culture,the fourth phase of Hemudu culture to Liangzhu culture,and Liangzhu culture to Shang-Zhou dynasties.Secondly,in terms of spatial distribution,archeological sites first appeared in the middle of the Yaojiang Valley and spread to the east and west in the second and fourth phase of Hemudu culture successively until they occupied the whole valley.These archeological sites were generally not more than 1500 m away from the mountains,and only showed a trend of spreading to the plain in the fourth phase of the Hemudu culture and Shang-Zhou dynasties,suggesting that the Yaojiang River was relatively rich in land resources during these two periods,which may be caused by large-scale regression.Thirdly,From the first phase of Hemudu culture to Shang-Zhou dynasties,the Yaojiang Valley was

关 键 词：河谷平原 中晚全新世 古文化遗址 GIS空间分析 核密度 遗址规模 

分 类 号：K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K871.13[历史地理—历史学] P534.63[天文地球—第四纪地质学]