重庆三峡库区塔罗科血橙不同树形的冠层特性、产量和品质分析  

Analysis of Canopy Characteristics,Yield,and Quality of Tarocco Blood Orange with Different Tree Forms in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：田洋 喻莹 何瑞杰 何满 郑永强[1] 吕强 谢让金[1] 马岩岩 邓烈[1] 朱文祥 易时来[1] TIAN Yang;YU Ying;HE Ruijie;He Man;ZHENG Yongqiang;LYU Qiang;XIE Rangjin;MA Yanyan;DENG Lie;ZHU Wenxiang;YI Shilai(Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center/Citrus Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Digital Planting(Citrus)Innovation Sub-Center,Chongqing 400712,China;Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science and Technology,Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College,Wanzhou Chongqing 404155,China;ChongqingRui Fengyuan Agriculture Co.Ltd,Wanzhou Chongqing 404000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所/中国农业科学院柑桔研究所/国家柑桔工程技术研究中心/国家数字种植业(柑橘)创新分中心,重庆400712 [2]重庆三峡职业学院农林科技学院,重庆万州404155 [3]重庆蕤峰园农业有限公司,重庆万州404000

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期59-68,共10页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0700602,2016YFD0200104);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(cstc2020jscx-msxmX0026,cstc2020jscx-msxm0079);中国农业科学院柑桔研究所荆门专家工作站(第二期)项目.

摘　　要：以11年生枳橙砧塔罗科血橙为试验对象,设计圆头形、主干形、开心形等3种树形处理,研究不同树形对血橙冠层特性、快速叶绿素荧光、果实产量及品质等的影响,提出重庆三峡库区塔罗科血橙最适宜的树形,为血橙优质丰产树形培养和树体改造提供技术支撑与理论依据.结果表明,3种树形的冠层特性存在明显差异,其中冠层透光性从强到弱依次为开心形、主干形、圆头形;主干形和开心形的PSII原初最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、春梢叶片单位面积吸收的光能(ABS/CSo)明显提升,反应中心的热消耗(DIo/RC)和秋梢叶片单位面积热耗散能量(DIo/CSo)显著降低.主干形和开心形均能有效提升春、秋梢叶片的光合结构性能(PI abs,PI total),以主干形处理相对最佳.2022-2023年度产量、单果质量、固酸比和维生素C含量从高到低均依次为主干形、开心形、圆头形,可溶性固形物和花色苷含量从高到低依次为开心形、主干形、圆头形.因此,重庆三峡库区塔罗科血橙宜选择主干形树形进行培养,以获得最佳产量和品质.The effects of different tree forms on the characteristics,photosynthesis,yield and quality of Tarocco blood orange in the Three Gorges reservoir area were studied to determine the most suitable Tarocco blood orange tree form for the ecological conditions of Three Gorges reservoir area,so as to provide technical support and theoretical basis for the tree shapes training and tree transformation of blood orange.Taking 11-year-old Tarocco blood orange trees grafted on Poncirus trifoliata(L.)with three tree forms of natural round form(RHS),central leader form(TS)and open center form(OCS)in Ganning town,Wanzhou district,Chongqing City as materials,the variation of tree canopy characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence,fruit quality and yield per tree were evaluated.The results showed that the canopy characteristics of the three tree forms were significantly different.The order of canopy light transmittance was OCS>TS>RHS.The Fv/Fm,the ABS/CSo of spring shoot leaves of TS and OCS were significantly increased,the DIo/RC and the DIo/CSo of autumn shoot leaves were significantly reduced.Both TS and OCS can effectively improve the photosynthetic structure performance(PI abs,PI total)of spring and autumn shoot leaves,but the TS was relatively optimal.The order of yield,single fruit weight,TSS/TA and vitamin C content was TS>OCS>RHS,and the order of TSS and anthocyanin content was OCS>TS>RHS,in 2022-2023.Therefore,the TS should be selected for the cultivation of Tarocco blood orange in the Three Gorges reservoir area of Chongqing in order to achieve the best yield and quality.

关 键 词：重庆三峡库区 塔罗科血橙 树形 冠层特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S666.4[农业科学—果树学]