金沙江白鹤滩水库巧家淹没区维管植物资源及区系分析  

Species Resources and Floristic Composition of Vascular Plants in Inundated Area of Baihetan Reservoir at Qiaojia Section of Jinsha River

作　　者：张小萍[1] 傅睿 张钊 罗娴 韩少丽 卢佳欣 叶晓敏 曾波[1] ZHANG Xiaoping;FU Rui;ZHANG Zhao;LUO Xian;Han Shaoli;LU Jiaxin;YE Xiaomin;ZENG Bo(Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region(Ministry of Education)/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region/School of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,Hangzhou 311122,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室/重庆市三峡库区植物生态与资源重点实验室/西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715 [2]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,杭州311122

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期96-111,共16页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20448,31770465);中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司项目(202006).

摘　　要：白鹤滩水电站是我国在金沙江修建的世界上在建规模最大的水电站,电站竣工形成水库后,库区内金沙江原有河岸带及河岸带以上至825 m高程区域成为被水库蓄水淹没的淹没区,且在该淹没区内会形成落差达60 m的库岸水位消落区.为掌握白鹤滩水库淹没区内的本底维管植物资源,也为白鹤滩水库成库后形成消落区的生态演变、生态保护和治理修复工作中适宜植物的筛选提供基础数据,在2020年白鹤滩水库还未建成蓄水前对库区巧家段淹没区的本底维管植物资源进行了实地调查,并就其区系成分特征进行了分析.研究表明:①白鹤滩水库建成前金沙江巧家段淹没区本底维管植物有50科160属207种,其中河岸带有18科52属59种,河岸带以上至825 m高程区域有49科154属199种,二者共有17科46属51种;无论是在整个淹没区,还是在河岸带或河岸带以上至825 m高程区域均表现为禾本科(Gramineae)物种数量最多,菊科(Compositae)物种数量次之.②无论是在河岸带还是在河岸带以上至825 m高程区域中,草本植物均为本底维管植物中占绝对优势的生长型;一年生植物和地上芽植物均为本底维管植物中的优势生活型.③金沙江巧家段淹没区本底维管植物区系成分具有明显的热带分布性质,属于热带分布类型的有28科118属,分别占淹没区总科数和总属数的56.0%和73.75%.其中,河岸带本底维管植物有50%的科和67.31%的属为热带区系类型;河岸带以上至825 m高程区域本底维管植物有55.1%的科和72.73%的属为热带区系类型.该研究对掌握白鹤滩水库巧家段淹没区本底维管植物组成和特征,预测白鹤滩水库消落区未来植物物种组成、植被演变、消落区生态保护和治理修复工作中适宜植物的选择具有特别意义.The objective of the study is to inventory the local vascular plant resources in the area to-be-inundated by the upcoming impoundment of Baihetan reservoir of Jinsha river at Qiaojia section,and to provide background data for monitoring the vegetation change of the area and assist hopefully selecting suitable plants for the future ecological protection and rehabilitation of the drawdown zone of Baihetan reservoir.In year 2020,before the initial impoundment of Baihetan reservoir,we investigated the species resources and studied the floristic composition characteristics of the local vascular plants in the to-be-inundated area of Baihetan reservoir region at Qiaojia section,including the present riparian zone of Jinsha river and its immediate upper zone(henceforth referred to as immediate upper zone)between the upper limit of the present riparian zone and the area 825 m above sea level(which will be the highest water level of Baihetan reservoir in full operation).It was found that:①207 vascular plant species belonging to 160 genera and 50 families distributed in the to-be-inundated area of Baihetan reservoir region of Jinsha river at Qiaojia section,among which 59 and 199 vascular plant species belonging to 52 and 154 genera,and 18 and 49 families,respectively,were found in the present riparian zone and the immediate upper zone.51 species belonging to 46 genera and 17 families were shared by these two zones.Whether in the area to-be-inundated,or in the present riparian zone,or in the immediate upper zone,Gramineae and Compositae had the first and the second largest number of species,respectively.②Either in the riparian zone or the immediate upper zone,herbaceous plants were the dominant growth form,annual plants and chamaephytes were the dominant life forms.③The local vascular plants in the area to-be-inundated including both the riparian zone and the immediate upper zone had marked tropical characteristics.28 families and 118 genera were tropical areal types,accounting for 56.0%and 73.75%of total families and

关 键 词：金沙江 白鹤滩水库 淹没区 维管植物组成 区系特征 

分 类 号：Q949.4[生物学—植物学]