《联合国海洋法公约》附件七下仲裁实证研究  

Research on the Implementation of the Arbitral Proceedings Under Annex VII of UNCLOS

作　　者：潘晓琳[1] PAN Xiaolin(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2023年第4期3-15,共13页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2022年度辽宁省社科规划基金重点项目“强制调解在东北亚海洋争端解决中的适用问题研究”(L22AFX001)。

摘　　要：在《联合国海洋法公约》构建的争端解决机制中,附件七下的仲裁属于法律争端解决方法,程序的启动和裁决的执行均具有强制拘束力。该程序在适用中出现了排除适用范围不明、效率和公正较难平衡、仲裁裁决执行力弱的问题。从尊重主权的国际法基本原则出发,附件七下仲裁的排除适用范围不仅应包括海域划界争端、历史性海湾或所有权争端以及必然涉及审议与陆地领土的主权或其他权利有关的争端,还应包括与这些争端密切联系的争端。附件七下的仲裁启动后,应实现程序便捷高效和裁决公正合理之间的平衡:强化与划界或历史性所有权密切联系的争端中当事方合意的必要性,并侧重实现裁决公正。对涉及渔业资源、扣押船舶及船员等亟待解决的争端,则应侧重案件审结的效率。为了保证仲裁裁决的有效执行,除完善相应的执行机制外,还可以加强与其他争端解决机构、国际组织和区域组织的合作,以及引入国家责任理论中的反措施及相关规定。In the dispute settlement mechanism established by United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS),arbitral proceedings under Annex VII are one legal method with compulsory initiation of procedures and execution of awards.The implementation of such arbitral proceedings poses some issues,including undefined dispute exclusions,imbalance be⁃tween efficiency and justice,and weak enforcement of arbitral awards.Subject to principle of sovereignty,disputes initiated directly from or involved indirectly in maritime delimitation,historic bays or titles,and other disputes involoing the consider⁃ation of sovereignty or rights over land territories should all be excluded from application of arbitral proceedings under Annex VII.Meanwhile,once arbitral proceedings activate,appropriate balance between efficiency and justice should be achieved.Mutual consent should be required among parties involved in maritime delimitation,historic bays or titles disputes,and con⁃cluded awards should guarantee justice.On the contrary,for those urgent disputes,usually concerning fishery sources,arrest of vessels and crews,the final awards should ensure efficiency.Besides improving implementation mechanism,effective en⁃forcement of arbitral awards could also be fulfilled through strengthening cooperation between arbitral tribunals and other dis⁃pute settlement institutes,international and regional organizations.It could also benefit to resort to other theory of internation⁃al law,such as the countermeasure of state responsibility.

关 键 词：《联合国海洋法公约》附件七 海洋争端 争端解决机制 强制仲裁 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]